• Source: Acanthochitonidae

Acanthochitonidae is a family of marine mollusks belonging to the class Polyplacophora, commonly known as chitons. Species are widely distributed throughout the world's oceans, but are most commonly found in the shallow waters of the Pacific Ocean, from Alaska to Chile.




Description


Acanthochitonidae are characterized by a broad girdle covered in coarse spines with erect tufts of up to ten large bristles. The coarsely granular valves of the shell are partially overlapped by the girdle. The articulating flange, or articulamentum, is well developed. The margin of the cephalic plate has about five slits, and the lateral insertion plates all have a single notch. These small to large chitons have a distinctive appearance, and are easily recognizable by their characteristic spiny girdle.




Habitat


Acanthochitonidae chitons are found in a variety of marine habitats, including rocky intertidal zones, coral reefs, and seagrass beds. They are also found in deep sea environments, with some species occurring as deep as 3,000 meters. Acanthochitonidae chitons are known to be active grazers, feeding primarily on algae and detritus.




Reproduction


Like other chitons, Acanthochitonidae are dioecious, meaning they have separate sexes. Fertilization is external, with males releasing sperm into the water, which is then taken in by females. The eggs are then fertilized internally and laid in capsules that are cemented to hard surfaces.




Ecological significance


Acanthochitonidae chitons play an important role in marine ecosystems, serving as grazers and helping to maintain the balance of marine communities. They are preyed upon by a variety of predators, including sea stars, crabs, and fish.




Conservation


Several species of Acanthochitonidae chitons are of conservation concern, particularly in areas where they are heavily harvested for food or decorative purposes. In some regions, they are also threatened by habitat destruction and pollution.




Taxonomy


The family Acanthochitonidae includes approximately 80 species, distributed across 13 genera. Taxonomic classification within this family has been a subject of debate, with some species being moved between genera or reassigned to other families. Molecular phylogenetic studies have helped to clarify the relationships between different taxa within the family, and have led to the establishment of several new genera.




Genera


According to the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) the following genera are included in this family:

† Afossochiton Ashby, 1925
† Lirachiton Ashby & Cotton, 1939
Sulcichiton Sirenko, 2021
Subfamily Acanthochitoninae Pilsbry, 1893
Acanthochitona Gray, 1821
Americhiton Watters, 1990
Bassethullia Pilsbry, 1928
Choneplax Carpenter MS, Dall, 1882
Craspedochiton Shuttleworth, 1853
Craspedoplax Iredale & Hull, 1925
Cryptoconchus de Blainville MS, Burrow, 1815
Leptoplax Carpenter MS, Dall, 1882
Notoplax H. Adams, 1862
† Pseudoacanthochitona Šulc, 1934
Pseudotonicia Ashby, 1928
Subfamily Cryptochitoninae Pilsbry, 1893
Cryptochiton Middendorff, 1847




References



Vaught, K.C. (1989). A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). ISBN 0-915826-22-4. XII, 195 pp

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Acanthochitonidae
• Chiton
• Notoplax violacea
• Notoplax subviridis
• Notoplax aupouria
• Gumboot chiton
• Notoplax websteri
• Acanthochitona garnoti
• Notoplax latalamina
• Acanthochitona fascicularis