Albert Barnes (1 Desember 1798 – 24 Desember 1870) adalah seorang teolog asal Amerika Serikat. Ia dilahirkan di Rome, New York. Lulus dari Hamilton College, Clinton, New York, pada tahun 1820, dan dari Princeton Theological Seminary tahun 1823, Barnes ditahbiskan menjadi seorang pendeta Presbyterian oleh presbytery Elizabethtown pada tahun 1825, dan menjabat sebagai pastor pada Presbyterian Church di Morristown, New Jersey (1825–1830), kemudian First Presbyterian Church of Philadelphia (1830–1868).

Riwayat hidup

Albert Barnes berperan penting dalam cabang New School kaum Presbyterian selama kontroversi Old School-New School, di mana ia berpihak pada pembagian denominasi Kristen pada tahun 1837. Ia pernah diadili (tetapi tidak terbukti bersalah) atas tuduhan heresy pada tahun 1836, terutama karena pandangannya yang diutarakan pada tulisannya Notes on Romans ("Catatan mengenai Surat Roma"; 1834) tentang imputation of dosa Adam, dosa asal dan penebusan dosa; kepahitan yang diakibatkan oleh pengadilan ini memberi andil atas perpecahan yang meluas antara elemen konservatif dan progresif dalam gereja. Selama perpecahan Old School-New School dalam Presbyterian Church in the United States of America, Barnes bergabung dengan "New School Branch". Ia menjadi moderator General Assembly bagi New School branch pada tahun 1851. Ia dikabarkan sebagai seorang pengkhotbah yang ulung, tetapi reputasinya terutama pada karya-karya eksposisi Alkitab, yang dikabarkan tersebar luas baik di Eropa dan Amerika Serikat dibandingkan karya-karya lain pada kategori yang sama. Karyanya yang terkenal, Notes on the New Testament ("Catatan mengenai Perjanjian Baru"), dikabarkan telah diterbitkan sebanyak lebih dari 1 juta jilid pada tahun 1870. Bagian-bagian "Notes on Job, the Psalms, Isaiah and Daniel" juga didistribusikan luas. Kepopuleran karya-karya ini terletak pada penyerderhanaan yang dilakukan oleh Barnes terhadap kritik Alkitab sehingga perkembangan-perkembangan terbaru dalam bidang ini dapat mudah diakses oleh khalayak umum. Barnes adalah pengarang sejumlah karya lain, termasuk Scriptural Views of Slavery ("Pandangan alkitabiah mengenai perbudakan"; 1846) dan The Way of Salvation ("Jalan keselamatan"; 1863). Koleksi karya-karya teologinya telah diterbitkan di Philadelphia pada tahun 1875. Ketika menjabat sebagai pastor pada First Presbyterian Church of Philadelphia, Barnes menjadi Presiden Pennsylvania Bible Society (berlokasi di jalan 7th dan Walnut) pada tahun 1858 – posisi yang didudukinya hingga wafatnya pada tahun 1870. Ia melayani First Presbyterian Church of Philadelphia sampai tahun 1868, kemudian pensiun dengan gelar "Pastor Emeritus".

Kematian

Barnes meninggal dunia di Philadelphia pada tanggal 24 Desember 1870.

Bibliografi

Barnes, Albert. Essays on Intemperance. Morristown, New Jersey: J. Mann, 1828. Barnes, Albert. "The Way of Salvation": A Sermon, Delivered at Morristown, New Jersey, February 8. 1829, together with Mr. Barnes' Defence of the Sermon, Read before the Synod of Philadelphia, at Lancaster, October 29, 1830, and His "Defence" before the Second Presbytery of Philadelphia, in Reply to the Charges of the Rev. Dr. George Junkin. 7th ed. New York: Leavitt, Lord, 1836. Barnes, Albert. Albert Barnes on the Maine Liquor Law: The Throne of Iniquity, or, Sustaining Evil by Law: A Discourse in Behalf of a Law Prohibiting the Traffic in Intoxicating Drinks—Delivered in the First Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia, Feb. 1, 1852, and in the Presbyterian Church, Harrisburg, Feb. 29, 1852. Philadelphia: T. B. Peterson, 1852. Barnes, Albert. An Inquiry into the Scriptural Views of Slavery. Philadelphia: Parry and McMillan, 1857. Reprint, New York: Negro Universities, 1969. Barnes, Albert. The Church and Slavery. Philadelphia: Parry and McMillan, 1857. Reprint, New York: Negro Universities, 1969. Barnes, Albert. The Atonement in its Relations to Law and Moral Government. Philadelphia: Parry & McMillan, 1859. Barnes, Albert (December 1868) [1832]. Frew, Robert, ed. Notes on the New Testament: Explanatory and Practical. Vol. I - Matthew and Mark. London: Blackie and Son. Selectable text: http://sacred-texts.com/bib/cmt/Barnes/mat.htm & http://sacred-texts.com/bib/cmt/Barnes/mar.htm Barnes, Albert (1884) [1832]. Frew, Robert, ed. Notes on the New Testament: Explanatory and Practical. Vol. II - Luke and John. London: Blackie and Son. Selectable text: http://sacred-texts.com/bib/cmt/Barnes/luk.htm & http://sacred-texts.com/bib/cmt/Barnes/joh.htm Barnes, Albert (1884) [1834]. Frew, Robert, ed. Notes on the New Testament: Explanatory and Practical. Vol. III - Acts of the Apostles. London: Blackie and Son. Selectable text: http://sacred-texts.com/bib/cmt/Barnes/act.htm Barnes, Albert (1884) [1834]. Frew, Robert, ed. Notes on the New Testament: Explanatory and Practical. Vol. IV - Romans. London: Blackie and Son. Selectable text: http://sacred-texts.com/bib/cmt/Barnes/rom.htm Barnes, Albert. Notes on the New Testament: Explanatory and Practical. Vol. V: I Corinthians Barnes, Albert. Notes on the New Testament: Explanatory and Practical. Vol. VI: II Corinthians and Galatians Barnes, Albert. Notes on the New Testament: Explanatory and Practical. Vol. VII: Ephesians, Philippians, and Colossians Barnes, Albert. Notes on the New Testament: Explanatory and Practical. Vol. VIII: Thessalonians, Timothy, Titus, and Philemon Barnes, Albert. Notes on the New Testament: Explanatory and Practical. Vol. IX: Hebrews Barnes, Albert. Notes on the New Testament: Explanatory and Practical. Vol. X: James, Peter, John, and Jude Barnes, Albert. Notes on the New Testament: Explanatory and Practical. Vol. XI: Revelation Barnes, Albert. Notes on the Old Testament: Explanatory and Practical: Job Vol. 1 Barnes, Albert. Notes on the Old Testament: Explanatory and Practical: Psalms Vol. 1 Barnes, Albert. Notes on the Old Testament: Explanatory and Practical: Psalms Vol. 2 Barnes, Albert. Notes on the Old Testament: Explanatory and Practical: Psalms Vol. 3 Barnes, Albert. Notes on the Old Testament: Explanatory and Practical: Isaiah Vol. 1 Barnes, Albert. Notes on the Old Testament: Explanatory and Practical: Isaiah Vol. 2 Barnes, Albert. Notes on the Old Testament: Explanatory and Practical: Daniel Vol. 1 Barnes, Albert. Notes on the Old Testament: Explanatory and Practical: Daniel vol. 2 Barnes, Albert (1962). Barnes' Notes on the New Testament (Complete and unabridged in one volume). Grand Rapids, Michigan: Kregel Publications. ISBN 9780825493713. Barnes, Albert. Notes on the New Testament. London, Blackie & Son, 1884. Reprint, Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1998. Barnes, Albert. Notes on the Old Testament. London, Blackie & Son, 1884. Reprint, Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1998.

Koleksi arsip

Presbyterian Historical Society di Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, memiliki koleksi naskah-naskah asli, catatan, khotbah dan kuliah Barnes. Burke Library Archives pada Union Theological Seminary di New York City, New York juga memiliki koleksi khotbah-khotbah Barnes.

Referensi

Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Barnes, Albert". Encyclopædia Britannica (edisi ke-11). Cambridge University Press.

Pranala luar

"The Way of Salvation," the published form of the 1829 sermon that precipitated heresy charges against Barnes by Old School Presbyterians Notes on the Bible by Albert Barnes (1834) at the Internet Sacred Text Archive Albert Barnes – New Testament Notes Short Biography of Barnes Cleaver, Kenneth G. (May 2002). An Examination of Albert Barnes' Handling of the Bible in the Debate on Slavery in Mid-Nineteenth-Century America (Tesis Ph.D. dissertation). Trinity Evangelical Divinity School. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1024&context=fac_dis. Diakses pada 2015-09-24. Fishman, Lisa; Cameron, Ruth Tonkiss (2008) [1997]. "Finding Aid for Albert Barnes Papers, 1840 -1859" (PDF). Union Theological Seminary (New York City). Diakses tanggal 2015-09-24.