• Source: All the Women Are White, All the Blacks Are Men, But Some of Us Are Brave

all" target="_blank">All the Women are" target="_blank">are" target="_blank">are" target="_blank">Are White, all" target="_blank">All the Blacks are" target="_blank">are" target="_blank">are" target="_blank">Are Men, But Some of Us are" target="_blank">are" target="_blank">are" target="_blank">Are Brave (1982) is a landmark feminist anthology in Black Women's Studies printed in numerous editions, co-edited by Akasha Gloria Hull, Patricia Bell-Scott, and Barbara Smith.




Awards


Hull received the National Institute's Women of Color Award for her contribution to this book. Her contribution to this "landmark scholarship directed attention to the lives of Black women and, combined with the numerous articles she wrote thereafter, helped remedy the emphasis within Feminist Studies on white women and within Black studies on Black men".




Context



The interest in black feminism was on the rise in the 1970s, through the writings of Mary Helen Washington, Audre Lorde, Alice Walker, and others.: 87 
In 1981, the anthology This Bridge Called My Back, edited by Cherríe Moraga and Gloria E. Anzaldúa, was published and But Some of Us are" target="_blank">are" target="_blank">are" target="_blank">Are Brave was published the following year. In both anthologies, the emphasis was placed on the intersection between race and gender. The contributors argued that previous waves of feminism had focused on issues related to white women. They wanted to negotiate a large space for women of color. According to Teresa de Lauretis, This Bridge Called My Back and But Some of Us are" target="_blank">are" target="_blank">are" target="_blank">Are Brave revealed "the feelings, the analyses, and the political positions of feminists of color, and their critiques of white or mainstream feminism" and created a "shift in feminist consciousness.": 221 




Impact


In the 2000 reprint of their anthology, editors Hull, Bell-Scott, and Smith described how in 1992 black feminists mobilized "a remarkable national response" - African American Women in Defense of Ourselves - to the controversy: xvi  surrounding the nomination of Clarence Thomas to the Supreme Court of the United States against the backdrop of allegations by law professor Anita Hill, about sexual harassment that became part of Thomas' confirmation hearings.
Legal scholar Kimberlé Crenshaw cited But Some of Us are" target="_blank">are" target="_blank">are" target="_blank">Are Brave at the beginning of her seminal 1989 paper, "Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics", in which she introduced the concept of Intersectionality. Crenshaw is known for introducing and developing intersectional theory to feminism. Crenshaw noted that it was one of the "very few Black women's studies books". She used the title all" target="_blank">All the Women are" target="_blank">are" target="_blank">are" target="_blank">Are White, all" target="_blank">All the Blacks are" target="_blank">are" target="_blank">are" target="_blank">Are Men, But Some of Us are" target="_blank">are" target="_blank">are" target="_blank">are Brave, as her "point of departure" to "develop a Black feminist criticism".: 139 
Barbara Y. Welke published her article entitled "When all" target="_blank">All the Women Were White, and all" target="_blank">All the Blacks Were Men: Gender, Class, Race, and the Road to Plessy, 1855–1914", in reference to Hull et al., in 1995 in the Law and History Review. Welke wrote how Crenshaw, referring to But Some of Us are" target="_blank">are" target="_blank">are" target="_blank">Are Brave, said that the title "sets forth a problematic consequence of the tendency to treat race and gender as mutually exclusive categories of experience and analysis.: 139  : 139 




Related readings


This Bridge Called My Back: Writings by Radical Women of Color (1981), edited by Cherríe Moraga and Gloria E. Anzaldúa




Contributors (writers)






See also


Chicana feminism
Black feminism
Womanism
Third-world feminism
Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology
Daughters of Africa




References

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Gadis Arivia
• Anita Hill
• All the Women Are White, All the Blacks Are Men, But Some of Us Are Brave
• Third-wave feminism
• This Bridge Called My Back
• National Black Feminist Organization
• Black feminism
• Beverly Smith
• Race and sexuality
• The Star-Spangled Banner
• Womanism
• Akasha Gloria Hull