• Source: Andromonoecy

Andromonoecy is a breeding system of plant species in which male and hermaphrodite flowers are on the same plant. It is a monomorphic sexual system comparable with monoecy, gynomonoecy and trimonoecy. Andromonoecy is frequent among genera with zygomorphic flowers, however it is overall rare and occurs in less than 2% of plant species. Nonetheless the breeding system has gained interest among biologists in the study of sex expression.




Etymology


The word andromonoecious is a combination of andr- (meaning male) and monoecious and was first used in 1877.




Prevalence


Andromonoecy is uncommon and has been estimated to occur in less than 2% of plant species. In angiosperms, it occurs in 1.7% of angiosperms making up around 4000 species in 33 families. It is common in the grass subfamily Panicoideae.




= Andromonoecious species

=
Cucumis melo subsp
Cucumis melo
Chaerophyllum bulbosum
Erophaca baetica
Silene tibetica




= Solanum

=
Solanum agnewiorum
Solanum aureitomentosum
Solanum campylacanthum
Solanum carolinense
Solanum cerasiferum
Solanum incanum
Solanum insanum
Solanum lichtensteinii
Solanum linnaeanum
Solanum melongena
Solanum rigidum
Solanum umtuma
Solanum usambarsense




Evolution



Some authors view andromonoecy as a transitional state from hermaphroditism to monoecy. It has been suggested that andromonoecy evolved from hermaphroditism due to the loss of female structures.
Andromonoecy is also considered an evolutionary step towards dioecy. If female flowers are better at producing seeds than hermaphroditic ones, andromonoecy could evolve towards monoecy.




References

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Andromonoecy
• Hermaphrodite
• Monoecy
• Silene
• Gynomonoecy
• Sexual system
• Trimonoecy
• Sex determination in Silene
• Solanum cerasiferum
• Solanum plastisexum