- Source: Appendix Probi
The Appendix Probi ("Probus' Appendix") is the conventional name for a series of five documents believed to have been copied in the seventh or eighth century in Bobbio, Italy. Its name derives from the fact that the documents were found attached to a copy of the Instituta Artium, a treatise named after (but probably not written by) the first-century grammarian Marcus Valerius Probus.
The Appendix was likely composed in Rome around the first half of the fourth century AD.
It is specifically the third of the five documents that has attracted scholarly attention, as it contains a list of 227 spelling mistakes, along with their corrections, which shed light on the phonological and grammatical changes that the local vernacular was experiencing in the early stages of its development into Romance.
The text survives only in a carelessly transcribed water-damaged manuscript of the 7th or 8th century which is kept at the Biblioteca Nazionale Vittorio Emanuele III as MS Lat. 1 (formerly Vindobonensis 17).
Phenomena visible in the spelling mistakes
Note that the format is "[correct spelling], not [incorrect spelling]". Scribal abbreviations have been expanded.
= Syncope
=speculum non speclum
masculus non masclus
uernaculus non uernaclus
angulus non anglus
uetulus non ueclus
uitulus non uiclus
articulus non articlus
oculus non oclus
calida non calda
uiridis non uirdis
= Development of yod from front vowels in hiatus
=uinea non uinia
cauea non cauia
lancea non lancia
ostium non osteum
lilium non lileum
alium non aleum
tolonium non toloneum
= Change of /ŭ/ to [o]
=columna non colomna
turma non torma
coluber non colober
= Reduction of pretonic /au̯/ to [o]
=auris non oricla
= Loss of final /m/
=pridem non pride
olim non oli
idem non ide
nunquam non nunqua
passim non passi
= Loss of /h/
=adhuc non aduc
hostiae non ostiae
= Reduction of /-ns-/ to /-s-/
=mensa non mesa
ansa non asa
formosus non formunsus
hercules non herculens
occasio non occansio
= Loss of intervocalic /β/ before a back vowel
=riuus non rius
flauus non flaus
auus non aus
pauor non paor
= Confusion of /b/ and /β/
=baculus non uaclus
brauium non brabium
alueus non albeus
plebes non pleuis
uapulo non baplo
= Confusion of singletons and geminates
=camera non cammara
garrulus non garulus
basilica non bassilica
aqua non acqua
draco non dracco
= Elimination of imparisyllabic nouns
=grus non gruis
pecten non pectinis
glis non glirus
= Adaptation of 3rd-decl. adjectives to the 1st class
=tristis non tristus
pauper mulier non paupera mulier
acre non acrum
ipse non ipsus
= Adaptation of 4th-decl. feminine nouns to the 1st decl.
=nurus non nura
socrus non socra
= Adaptation of 3rd/4th decl. feminines to the 1st decl. via diminutive suffix
=auris non oricla
fax non facla
neptis non nepticla
anus non anucla
= Adaptation of neuter plural to the first declension
=uico castrorum non uico castrae
= Elimination of the ablative
=nobiscum non noscum
uobiscum non uoscum
= Alteration of nom. -es (in the third declension) to -is
=cautes non cautis
tabes non tabis
uates non uatis
uulpes non uulpis
fames non famis
sedes non sedis
= Reduction of the endings -es and -is to -s
=orbis non orbs
nubes non nubs
= Loss of the masculine flexion -us
=figulus non figel
masculus non mascel
barbarus non barbar
= Metathesis, assimilation, dissimilation, etc.
=persica non pessica
iuniperus non ieniperus
grundio non grunnio
sibilus non sifilus
pegma non peuma
coqus non cocus
coquens non cocens
coqui non coci
See also
Reichenau Glossary
Proto-Romance language
Palatalization in the Romance languages
Phonological changes from Classical Latin to Proto-Romance
Notes
References
Sources
Barnett, F. J. 2007. The sources of the "Appendix Probi": A new approach. The Classical Quarterly 57(2). 701–736. doi:10.1017/s000983880700064x.
Elcock, William Dennis. 1960. The Romance Languages. London: Faber & Faber.
Rohfls, Gerhard. 1969. Sermo Vulgaris Latinus: Vulgarlateinisches Lesebuch. 2nd edn. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag.
Leppänen, V., & Alho, T. 2018. On The Mergers Of Latin Close-Mid Vowels. Transactions of the Philological Society. doi:10.1111/1467-968x.12130
Powell, Jonathan G. F. 2007. A new text of the "Appendix Probi". The Classical Quarterly 57(2). 687–700. doi:10.1017/S0009838807000638.
Quirk, Ronald J. 2005. The “Appendix Probi” as a compendium of Popular Latin: Description and bibliography. The Classical World 98(4). 397–409. doi:10.2307/4352974
Quirk, Ronald J. 2006. The Appendix Probi: A scholar's guide to text and context. Newark: Juan de la Cuesta.
Quirk, Ronald J. 2017. Hypercorrection in the Appendix Probi. Philologus 161(2). 350–353. doi:10.1515/phil-2016-0119
External links
Transcription of the Appendix Probi by Sean Crist, following W. A. Baehrens, 1922, Sprachlicher Kommentar zur vulgärlateinischen Appendix Probi.
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
- Appendix Probi
- Latin phonology and orthography
- Frustum
- Marcus Valerius Probus
- Andalusi Arabic
- Tintinnabulum
- Romance languages
- History of Latin
- Phonological changes from Classical Latin to Proto-Romance
- List of editiones principes in Latin
