• Source: Appetite stimulant

An orexigenic, or appetite stimulant, is a drug, hormone, or compound that increases appetite and may induce hyperphagia. This can be a medication or a naturally occurring neuropeptide hormone, such as ghrelin, orexin or neuropeptide Y, which increases hunger and therefore enhances food consumption. Usually appetite enhancement is considered an undesirable side effect of certain drugs as it leads to unwanted weight gain, but sometimes it can be beneficial and a drug may be prescribed solely for this purpose, especially when the patient is suffering from severe appetite loss or muscle wasting due to cystic fibrosis, anorexia, old age, cancer or AIDS. There are several widely used drugs which can cause a boost in appetite, including tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), tetracyclic antidepressants, natural or synthetic cannabinoids, first-generation antihistamines, most antipsychotics and many steroid hormones. In the United States, no hormone or drug has currently been approved by the FDA specifically as an orexigenic, with the exception of Dronabinol, which received approval for HIV/AIDS-induced anorexia only.




List of orexigenics


5-HT2C receptor antagonists/inverse agonists — mirtazapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, amitriptyline, cyproheptadine, lurasidone
H1 receptor antagonists/inverse agonists — mirtazapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, amitriptyline, cyproheptadine, pizotifen
Dopamine antagonists — haloperidol, chlorpromazine, olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine
Adrenergic antagonists:
β blockers — propranolol, etc.
Paradoxically, β-adrenergic agonists are also listed.
Not ephedra/clenbuterol (which is an appetite suppressant), but salbutamol, flerobuterol, Zilpaterol, and related drugs.

α2 adrenergic antagonists — mirtazapine, mianserin
Mixed α1/β blockers — carvedilol
α2 Adrenergic agonists — clonidine
CB1 receptor agonists (cannabinoids — THC/dronabinol (a component of Cannabis), nabilone
Corticosteroids — dexamethasone, prednisone, hydrocortisone
Certain pregnene steroids — megestrol acetate, medroxyprogesterone acetate
Anabolic steroids — oxandrolone, boldenone undecylenate, testosterone
Other steroids such as Prednisolone
Sulfonylurea antidiabetic drugs such as glibenclamide, chlorpropamide and tolbutamide
Mood stabilizers such as lithium
Some anti-epileptic drugs such as valproate, carbamazepine and gabapentin
α2δ VDCC ligands — gabapentin, pregabalin
Ghrelin receptor agonists such as anamorelin, GHRP-6, ibutamoren, ipamorelin, and pralmorelin
MC4 receptor antagonists
Insulin
Sugars, such as fructose
Alcohol beverages
Benzodiazepines, such as diazepam




See also


Anorectic (anorexigenic)
Anorexia
Eating disorder
Obesity
Organic feeding disorder
Polydipsia




References






Further reading


Agents Used as Appetite Stimulants: Drug Class; University of Utah College of Pharmacy, 2014




External links


Media related to Appetite stimulants at Wikimedia Commons

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Siproheptadin
• Appetite stimulant
• Anorectic
• Underweight
• Appetite
• Dronabinol
• Mirtazapine
• Megestrol acetate
• Stimulant
• Olanzapine
• Cachexia