• Source: Aragonese dialects

The Aragonese language has many regional dialects, which can be grouped by valley or larger comarca areas. The area where Aragonese is spoken has quite a rugged relief and is generally sparsely populated with many tracts and valleys pretty isolated from each other. In the literature about the language, the term dialect is ambiguous and can be used to refer to well-known valley varieties, such as cheso or ansotano. Aragonese speakers can be classified into four groups or main dialectal areas following Francho Nagore: Western, Central, Eastern, and Southern. There is a centuries-old diglossia that has favored the lack of unitary awareness among Aragonese speakers; in areas where the language has been best preserved, Aragonese speakers often use local names for their dialect.




Classification proposals






= The Four Dialects

=
The most accepted dialectal classification is the one by Francho Nagore, who classified Aragonese varieties into 4 groups:

Western Aragonese
Central Aragonese
Eastern Aragonese
Southern Aragonese
For some, these groups are considered complex dialects and their internal variations, such as Cheso or Chistabino, would be regional variants. For others, the four groups are the constituent dialects of the Aragonese language and the variants that they include would be subdialects, spoken locally or regionally.




= Others

=
Although the Nagore classification with four dialectal areas is the most widespread, other authors have proposed alternatives. For Chusé Raúl Usón and Chabier Tomás, there would be three historical dialects that correspond more or less to the three old Pyrenean counties:

Western Dialect: County of Aragón
Central Dialect: County of Sobrarbe
Eastern Dialect: County of Ribagorza
Fernando Sánchez proposed a classification that posits the existence of two great variants/dialects: Western and Eastern. These would also have more extreme subvarieties:

Within the Western dialect: Ansotano (and in some ways, Cheso and Ayerbense), with extreme Western characteristics, related to the ancient Navarrese romance.
Within the Eastern dialect: Ribagorzano, with many traits close to Catalan.




Eastern Aragonese



The eastern area includes a large part of the historic County of Ribagorza, plus eastern parts of Sobrarbe, and has many features in common with Catalan, with increasing similarity as one moves east.
Some common features of the group are:

Latin plosive consonants become voiced between vowels: meligo (navel), caixigo (type of oak), forau (hole).
In participles, the voiced Latin -T- was later deleted, giving endings in -au, -iu: cantau, metiu (sung, put in).
There is a periphrastic past perfect as in modern Catalan: él/ell ba cantá/cantar (he sang).
Conservation of the adverbial pronoun i (< IBI).
Compared to the other dialects, more cases of evolution of the Latin endings -TY, -CE, -CI, -DE to -u, as in Catalan: peu (foot).




Western Aragonese


The Western Aragonese area corresponds to the Jacetania region, plus part of Alto Gállego and a few towns in Cinco Villas. Western dialects include Ansó Aragonese, Hecho Aragonese, Aragüés Aragonese, and Aísa Aragonese.
Common features:

Latin plosive consonants are voiced between vowels, but with exceptions, such as gramito or espata. These exceptions might be related to the Gascon dialect.
Participles, have endings in -au, -iu.
The 1st and 2nd person plural pronouns are nos and bos.
Dative pronouns: li, lis.
Adverbial pronoun bi (< IBI), equivalent to French y, Catalan hi, etc.




Southern Aragonese


Southern dialects include Nevalese. They are the ones more influenced by the Spanish language, and in recent times most of them have lost all but a few of their Aragonese features, merging with the Spanish dialects spoken to the south of the area.




Central Aragonese


Corresponds to part of Alto Gállego and western parts of Sobrarbe. Features:

Some instances of -ia- diphthong from Latin short E: fiasta (celebration).
Latin intervocalic stops remain voiceless much more often than in other dialects: capeza (head), saper (to know), lupo (wolf), ayutar (to help).
This conservation of voiceless stops leads to participles in -ato, -ito.
Voicing of voiceless stops after liquid consonant: -MP- > -mb-; -NT- > -nd-; -NK- > -ng-; -LT- > -ld-; -RT- > -rd-; -LP- > -lb-; -RK- > -rg-. These rules apply variably for different words and towns.
In some towns, definite articles ro, ra, ros, ras instead of the general Aragonese o, a, os, as.




Current Classification of Regional Dialects


Western Block:

Ansotano from Ansó Valley
Cheso from Hecho Valley
Aragüesino from Aragüés and Jasa
Aisino from Aísa Valley
Jaqués from Jaca
Central Block:

Central Western Aragonese
Tensino from Tena Valley
Panticuto from Panticosa
Biescas land Aragonese
Acumuer Valley Aragonese
Serrablés from Serrablo
Ballibasa Aragonese from Yebra de Basa
Sobrepuerto Aragonese
Central Eastern Aragonese
Fiscal Aragonese
Bergotés from Broto Valley
Vió Valley Aragonese
Puértolas Valley Aragonese
Tella Valley Aragonese
Belsetano from Bielsa
Sierra Ferrera Aragonese
Eastern Block:

Chistabino from Gistau Valley
Fovano from La Fueva Valley
Ribagorzano Aragonese from the old County of Ribagorza
Altorribagorzano or Benasqués or Patués from Benasque Valley
Mediorribagorzano or Campo dialect
Bajorribagorzano
Grausino from Graus
Estadillano from Estadilla
Foncense from Fonz
Southern Block:

Ayerbense from Ayerbe
Somontanés Aragonese from Somontano
Navalés from Naval
Aragonese from Old Sobrarbe
Transition Dialects

Aragonese Spanish




= Valleys and Somontano

=
There are different degrees of similarities between variants:



Axial Pyrenees Valleys

The topography in the form of well-separated valleys has caused the Aragonese language to have evolved into a dialect or locally spoken language in each valley:




= Western and Eastern Poles

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There is a distribution of differences between the East and the West, with boundaries that do not coincide, but some that appear mainly from Broto and Cotefablo to the Ribagorza and further, and others that are seen mainly from Tena and Cotefablo to Navarre.




References






See also


Judaeo-Aragonese

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Aragonese dialects
• Aragonese language
• Ribagorçan
• Navarro-Aragonese
• Occitano-Romance languages
• Hecho Aragonese
• Navalese dialect
• Aisinian Aragonese
• Judaeo-Aragonese
• Ansó Aragonese