- Source: Art song
- Source: Art (song)
An art song is a Western vocal music composition, usually written for one voice with piano accompaniment, and usually in the classical art music tradition. By extension, the term "art song" is used to refer to the collective genre of such songs (e.g., the "art song repertoire"). An art song is most often a musical setting of an independent poem or text, "intended for the concert repertory" "as part of a recital or other relatively formal social occasion". While many vocal music pieces are easily recognized as art songs, others are more difficult to categorize. For example, a wordless vocalise written by a classical composer is sometimes considered an art song and sometimes not.
Other factors help define art songs:
Songs that are part of a staged work (such as an aria from an opera or a song from a musical) are not usually considered art songs. However, some Baroque arias that "appear with great frequency in recital performance" are now included in the art song repertoire.
Songs with instruments besides piano (e.g., cello and piano) and/or other singers are referred to as "vocal chamber music", and are usually not considered art songs.
Songs originally written for voice and orchestra are called "orchestral songs" and are not usually considered art songs, unless their original version was for solo voice and piano.
Folk songs and traditional songs are generally not considered art songs, unless they are art music-style concert arrangements with piano accompaniment written by a specific composer Several examples of these songs include Aaron Copland's two volumes of Old American Songs, the Folksong arrangements by Benjamin Britten, and the Siete canciones populares españolas (Seven Spanish Folksongs) by Manuel de Falla.
There is no agreement regarding sacred songs. Many song settings of biblical or sacred texts were composed for the concert stage and not for religious services; these are widely known as art songs (for example, the Vier ernste Gesänge by Johannes Brahms). Other sacred songs may or may not be considered art songs.
A group of art songs composed to be performed in a group to form a narrative or dramatic whole is called a song cycle.
Languages and nationalities
Art songs have been composed in many languages, and are known by several names. The German tradition of art song composition is perhaps the most prominent one; it is known as Lieder. In France, the term mélodie distinguishes art songs from other French vocal pieces referred to as chansons. The Spanish canción and the Italian canzone refer to songs generally and not specifically to art songs.
Form
The composer's musical language and interpretation of the text often dictate the formal design of an art song. If all of the poem's verses are sung to the same music, the song is strophic. Arrangements of folk songs are often strophic, and "there are exceptional cases in which the musical repetition provides dramatic irony for the changing text, or where an almost hypnotic monotony is desired." Several of the songs in Schubert's Die schöne Müllerin are good examples of this. If the vocal melody remains the same but the accompaniment changes under it for each verse, the piece is called a "modified strophic" song. In contrast, songs in which "each section of the text receives fresh music" are called through-composed. Most through-composed works have some repetition of musical material in them. Many art songs use some version of the ABA form (also known as "song form" or "ternary form"), with a beginning musical section, a contrasting middle section, and a return to the first section's music. In some cases, in the return to the first section's music, the composer may make minor changes.
Performance and performers
Performance of art songs in recital requires special skills for both the singer and pianist. The degree of intimacy "seldom equaled in other kinds of music" requires that the two performers "communicate to the audience the most subtle and evanescent emotions as expressed in the poem and music". The two performers must agree on all aspects of the performance to create a unified partnership, making art song performance one of the "most sensitive type(s) of collaboration". As well, the pianist must be able to closely match the mood and character expressed by the singer. Even though classical vocalists generally embark on successful performing careers as soloists by seeking out opera engagements, a number of today's most prominent singers have built their careers primarily by singing art songs, including Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau, Thomas Quasthoff, Ian Bostridge, Matthias Goerne, Wolfgang Holzmair, Susan Graham and Elly Ameling. Pianists, too, have specialized in playing art songs with great singers. Gerald Moore, Geoffrey Parsons, Graham Johnson, Dalton Baldwin, Hartmut Höll and Martin Katz are six such pianists who have specialized in accompanying art song performances. The piano parts in art songs can be so complex that the piano part is not really a subordinate accompaniment part; the pianist in challenging art songs is more of an equal partner with the solo singer. As such, some pianists who specialize in performing art song recitals with singers refer to themselves as "collaborative pianists", rather than as accompanists.
Composers
= English
== American
== Austrian and German
== French
== Romanian
=George Enescu
Dinu Lipatti
Pascal Bentoiu
Irina Hasnaș
Felicia Donceanu
= Spanish
== Latin American
== Italian
== Eastern European
=Franz Liszt – Hungary (nearly all his art song settings are of texts in non-Hungarian European languages, such as French and German)
Antonín Dvořák – Bohemia
Leoš Janáček – Bohemia (Czechoslovakia)
Béla Bartók – Hungary
Zoltán Kodály – Hungary
Frédéric Chopin – Poland
Stanisław Moniuszko – Poland
Eugen Suchoň – Slovakia
Mykola Lysenko - Ukraine
Mykola Leontovych - Ukraine
= Nordic
=Hugo Alfvén – Sweden
Edvard Grieg – Norway (set German as well as Norse and Danish poetry)
Yrjö Kilpinen – Finland
Carl Nielsen – Denmark
Leevi Madetoja – Finland
Ture Rangström – Sweden
Jean Sibelius – Finland
Wilhelm Stenhammar – Sweden
= Russian
== Ukrainian
== Welsh
=Dilys Elwyn-Edwards
Morfydd Llwyn Owen
Gareth Glyn
Mansel Thomas
Meirion Williams
= Asian
=Nicanor Abelardo – Philippines
Ananda Sukarlan – Indonesia
Byambasuren Sharav – Mongolia
= Afrikaans
=Jellmar Ponticha
Stephanus Le Roux Marais
= Arabic
=Iyad Kanaan – Lebanon
See also
Kundiman
Song
Song cycle
Footnotes
References
Draayer, Suzanne (2009), Art Song Composers of Spain: An Encyclopedia, Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, ISBN 978-0-8108-6362-0
Draayer, Suzanne (2003), A Singer's Guide to the Songs of Joaquín Rodrigo, Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, ISBN 978-0-8108-4827-6
Kimball, Carol (2005), Song: A Guide to Art Song Style and Literature, revised edition, Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Hal Leonard, ISBN 978-1-4234-1280-9
Meister, Barbara (1980), An Introduction to the Art Song, New York, New York: Taplinger, ISBN 0-8008-8032-3
Randel, Don Michael (2003), The Harvard Dictionary of Music, Harvard University Press, p. 61, ISBN 0-674-01163-5, retrieved 2012-10-22
Villamil, Victoria Etnier (1993), A Singer's Guide to the American Art Song (2004 paperback ed.), Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, ISBN 0-8108-5217-9
Further reading
Emmons, Shirlee, and Stanley Sonntag (1979), The Art of the Song Recital (paperback ed.), New York: Schirmer Books, ISBN 0-02-870530-0{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Hall, James Husst (1953), The Art Song, Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press
Ivey, Donald (1970), Song: Anatomy, Imagery, and Styles, New York: The Free Press, ISBN 0-8108-5217-9
Soumagnac, Myriam (1997). "La Mélodie italienne au début du XXe siècle", in Festschrift volume, Échoes de France et d'Ialie: liber amicorum Yves Gérard (jointly ed. by Marie-Claire Mussat, Jean Mongrédien & Jean-Michel Nectoux). Buchet-Chastel. p. 381–386.
Walter, Wolfgang (2005), Lied-Bibliographie (Song Bibliography): Reference to Literature on the Art Song, Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, ISBN 08204-7319-7
Whitton, Kenneth (1984), Lieder: An Introduction to German Song, London: Julia MacRae, ISBN 0-531-09759-5
External links
Hampsong Foundation
Joy In Singing
The LiederNet Archive - texts to over 165,000 vocal works with over 35,000 translations
Art Song Central
The Art Song Project
The African American Art Song Alliance
Art Song Composers of Spain
Welsh Art Songs.com
Canadian Art Song Project
Latin American Art Song Alliance
Ukrainian Art Song Project
Ukrainian art songs. Audio files.
Art Song Colorado
Canciones de España—Songs of Nineteenth-Century Spain [1]
lottelehmannleague.org/singing-sins-archive (archived Hawaii Public Radio broadcasts about arts songs)
"Art" is a song by South African singer Tyla from her self-titled debut studio album. It was released on 12 April 2024 through Fax and Epic Records, as the album's third single. The R&B-infused amapiano song was produced by Sammy Soso and was accompanied by a music video that premiered on YouTube on the day of the album's release.
Background and composition
Tyla shared a teaser video on social media containing her and Lisa of Blackpink previewing the song in the recording studio before Lisa, the first person to listen to the song, cheers for Tyla as it concludes. Musically the song is an infusion of amapiano and contemporary R&B.
Music video
Directed by Nabil, the music video premiered on YouTube on 22 March 2024 and it accumulated over 1 million views on its first day. The music video opens with a painting featuring the singer lounging on a chaise in a sheer red corset dress and clear thigh-high boots. A young man, captivated by the singer, sneaks into the gallery and realizes that she is both the painter and the muse behind the self-portrait. Tyla watches as her portrait transforms into one of him, and she ponders where to hang it among the other men who have fallen under her spell.
Live performances
Tyla performed the song for the first time on American late-night talk show The Late Show With Stephen Colbert in April 2024, her debut appearance on the series. Tyla performed most of the tracks from the record including "Breathe Me" and "Water", and cover songs at the 2024 edition of Summer Sonic Festival in Osaka, Japan on 17 August 2024, and again the following day in Tokyo, she delivered a 45-minutes long performance where she opened with "Safer", followed by "On My Body", which she performed with Becky G. Tyla also performed her non-album singles "Thata Ahh" and "Ke Shy", the latter by Major Lazer and Major League DJz before performing a mash-up of Aaliyah's "Rock the Boat" and her "On and On", followed by "Art", "No.1" and "Truth or Dare", as she went on to perform another non-album single "Bana Ba", then "Breathe Me" and "Jump" before closing with "Water".
Credits and personnel
Tyla – songwriting, vocals, background vocals, additional vocals and harmonies
Ari PenSmith – songwriting, vocal production, background vocals, additional vocals and harmonies
Mocha – songwriting, vocal production, background vocals
Believve – songwriting, vocal production, background vocals
Sammy Soso – songwriting, production, vocal production, background vocals
James Mwanza – keyboards
Oscar Cornejo – vocal production, recording
Timothy Ishejamaica Kahwa – recording assistance
Leandro "Dro" Hidalgo – mixing
Colin Leonard – mastering
Charts
Release history
References
External links
"Art" (official lyric video) on YouTube
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