• Source: Auxiliary sciences of history

      • Auxiliary (or ancillary) sciences of history are scholarly disciplines which help evaluate and use historical sources and are seen as auxiliary for historical research. Many of these areas of study, classification and analysis were originally developed between the 16th and 19th centuries by antiquaries, and would then have been regarded as falling under the broad heading of antiquarianism. "History" was at that time regarded as a largely literary skill. However, with the spread of the principles of empirical source-based history championed by the Göttingen school of history in the late 18th century and later by Leopold von Ranke from the mid-19th century onwards, they have been increasingly regarded as falling within the skill-set of the trained historian.


      Examples


      Auxiliary sciences of history include, but are not limited to:

      Archaeology, the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture
      Archaeography, the study of ancient (historical) documents (antique writings)
      Archival science, the study and theory of creating and maintaining archives
      Chorography, the study of regions and places
      Chronology, the study of the sequence of past events
      Cliometrics, the systematic application of economic theory, econometric techniques, and other formal or mathematical methods to the study of history
      Codicology, the study of books as physical objects
      Diplomatics, the study and textual analysis of historical documents
      Encyclopaedistics, the study of encyclopaedias as sources of encyclopaedic knowledge
      Epigraphy, the study of ancient inscriptions
      Genealogy, the study of family relationships
      Heraldry, the study of armorial devices
      Numismatics, the study of coins
      Onomastics, the study of proper names
      Palaeography, the study of old handwriting
      Paleoanthropology, the study of human evolution and ecology through the fossil record
      Phaleristics, the study of military orders, fraternities, and award items
      Philately, the study of postage stamps
      Philology, the study of the language of historical sources
      Prosopography, the investigation of a historical group of individuals through a collective study of their lives
      Sigillography (or sphragistics), the study of seals
      Toponymy, the study of place names
      Vexillology, the study of flags


      See also



      Library of Congress Classification:Class C -- Auxiliary Sciences of History


      References

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