- Source: Ayan Utsmaniyah
Ayan Utsmaniyah (tunggal: ayn) adalah bangsawan lokal atau anggota dinasti yang memegang kontrol administratif atas paruh wilayah Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah dari abad ke-16 sampai awal abad ke-19. Para anggota dinasti tersebut memegang otonomi signifikan dari pemerintahan pusat Utsmaniyah.
Referensi
Pranala luar
[1] Gabor Agoston, Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire (New York: Gabor Agoston and Bruce Masters, 2008).
[2] Gabriel Piterberg, “The Formation of an Ottoman Egyptian Elite in the 18th Century,” in International Journal of Middle East Studies Vol. 22, No. 3, 1990.
[3] Eliana Balla and Noel D. Johnson, “Fiscal Crisis and Institutional Change in the Ottoman Empire and France,” in The Journal of Economic History Vol. 63, No. 9, 2009.
[4] Sherry Lee Williams, “Ottoman Land Policy and Social Change: The Syrian Provinces,” in Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae Vol. 35, No. 1, 1981.
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
- Ayan Utsmaniyah
- Majelis Umum Kesultanan Utsmaniyah
- Pemberontakan Bosnia (1831-1832)
- Abdul Hamid II
- Ahmed Tevfik Pasha
- Al-Mutawakkil III
- Turki Siprus
- Namık Kemal
- Küçük Mehmet Sait Pasha