- Source: Azadinium spinosum
Azadinium spinosum is a species of dinoflagellates that produces azaspiracid toxins (toxins associated with shellfish poisoning), particularly AZA 1, AZA 2 and an isomer of AZA 2.
Description
It measures 12–16 μm in length and 7–11 μm wide, is a peridinin-containing photosynthetic dinoflagellate with a thin theca. Its large nucleus is spherical and present posteriorly, whereas its single chloroplast is parietal, lobed, and extends into the epi- and hyposome.
References
Further reading
Jauffrais, Thierry; Kilcoyne, Jane; Séchet, Véronique; Herrenknecht, Christine; Truquet, Philippe; Hervé, Fabienne; Bérard, Jean Baptiste; Nulty, Cíara; Taylor, Sarah; Tillmann, Urban; Miles, Christopher O.; Hess, Philipp (2012). "Production and Isolation of Azaspiracid-1 and -2 from Azadinium spinosum Culture in Pilot Scale Photobioreactors". Marine Drugs. 10 (12): 1360–1382. doi:10.3390/md10061360. ISSN 1660-3397. PMC 3397445. PMID 22822378.
Jauffrais, Thierry; Contreras, Andrea; Herrenknecht, Christine; Truquet, Philippe; Séchet, Véronique; Tillmann, Urban; Hess, Philipp (2012). "Effect of Azadinium spinosum on the feeding behaviour and azaspiracid accumulation of Mytilus edulis" (PDF). Aquatic Toxicology. 124–125: 179–187. doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.08.016. ISSN 0166-445X. PMID 22982497.
Jauffrais, Thierry; Herrenknecht, Christine; Séchet, Véronique; Sibat, Manoella; Tillmann, Urban; Krock, Bernd; Kilcoyne, Jane; Miles, Christopher O.; McCarron, Pearse; Amzil, Zouher; Hess, Philipp (2012). "Quantitative analysis of azaspiracids in Azadinium spinosum cultures". Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 403 (3): 833–846. doi:10.1007/s00216-012-5849-2. hdl:10379/12076. ISSN 1618-2642. PMID 22367288. S2CID 2088649.
Tillmann, Urban; Elbraechter, Malte (August 1, 2013). "Cell division in Azadinium spinosum (Dinophyceae)". Botanica Marina. 56 (4): 399–408. doi:10.1515/bot-2013-0022. S2CID 85414718.
External links
"Azadinium spinosum". The Encyclopedia of Life.