- Source: Bandwing
Bandwings, or band-winged grasshoppers, are the subfamily Oedipodinae of grasshoppers classified under the family Acrididae. They have a worldwide distribution and were originally elevated to full family status as the Oedipodidae. Many species primarily inhabit xeric weedy fields, and some are considered to be important locusts:
Locusta migratoria: the migratory locust
Chortoicetes terminifera: the Australian plague locust
Locustana pardalina the brown locust
These grasshoppers often have colorful hindwings that may be yellow or red and edged with black. Others have black hindwings with pale edges, and a few species (including the most economically important ones) have clear hindwings. The arolium is extremely small or absent.
Defense
When bandwings feel safe, they appear drab. When they feel threatened, they leap out to reveal bold and bright colors. Some predators might even mistake the blue-winged grasshopper for a butterfly. But when the predator looks for the grasshopper, it is hiding in the grass. Bandwings continue this process if the predator tries to attack them.
Tribes and genera
The Orthoptera Species File lists the following:
= Tribe Acrotylini
=Auth. Shumakov 1963; distribution: Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia
Acrotylus Fieber, 1853
Pusana Uvarov, 1940
= Tribe Anconiini
=Auth. Otte, 1995; distribution: N. America (monotypic)
Anconia Scudder, 1876
= Tribe Arphiini
=Auth. Otte, 1995; distribution: N. America
Arphia Stål, 1873
Lactista Saussure, 1884 (synonym Rehnita)
Leuronotina Hebard, 1932
Tomonotus Saussure, 1861
= Tribe Bryodemini
=Auth. Bei-Bienko 1930; distribution: mostly central Asia
Andrea Mishchenko, 1989
Angaracris Bei-Bienko, 1930
Bryodema Fieber, 1853
Bryodemacris Benediktov, 1998
Bryodemella Yin, 1982 (Eastern Europe and temperate Asia)
Compsorhipis Saussure, 1889
Uvaroviola Bei-Bienko, 1930
= Tribe Chortophagini
=Auth. Otte, 1984; distribution: N. America
Chimarocephala Scudder, 1875
Chortophaga Saussure, 1884
Encoptolophus Scudder, 1875
Nebulatettix Gómez, Lightfoot & Miller, 2012
Shotwellia Gurney, 1940
= Tribe Epacromiini
=Auth. Brunner von Wattenwyl 1893; distribution: Africa, Europe, Asia through to New Caledonia
Aiolopus Fieber, 1853
Demirsoyus Sirin & Çiplak, 2004
Epacromius Uvarov, 1942
Heteropternis Stål, 1873
Hilethera Uvarov, 1923
Jasomenia Bolívar, 1914
Paracinema Fischer, 1853
Parahilethera Zheng & Ren, 2007
Platypygius Uvarov, 1942
= Tribe Hippiscini
=Auth. Otte, 1984; distribution: Americas
Agymnastus Scudder, 1897
Camnula Stål, 1873
Cratypedes Scudder, 1876
Hadrotettix Scudder, 1876
Heliastus Saussure, 1884
Hippiscus Saussure, 1861 (monotypic)
Leprus Saussure, 1861
Pardalophora Saussure, 1884
Sticthippus Scudder, 1892
Xanthippus Saussure, 1884
= Tribe Locustini
=Auth. Kirby, 1825; distribution: Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia
subtribe Locustina Kirby, 1825
Locusta Linnaeus, 1758 (monotypic)
Oedaleus Fieber, 1853
Psophus Fieber, 1853 - monotypic Psophus stridulus
subtribe undetermined
Brunnerella Saussure, 1888
Chifanicus Benediktov, 2001
Gastrimargus Saussure, 1884
Grammoscapha Uvarov, 1942
Locustana Uvarov, 1921
Pternoscirta Saussure, 1884
Ptetica Saussure, 1884
Pycnodictya Stål, 1873
Pyrgodera Fischer von Waldheim, 1846
Scintharista Saussure, 1884
= Tribe Macherocerini
=Auth. Otte, 1995; distribution: N. America (monotypic)
Machaerocera Saussure, 1859
= Tribe Oedipodini
=Auth. Walker, 1871; distribution: N. Africa, Europe, Asia
Celes Saussure, 1884
Mioscirtus Saussure, 1888
Ochyracris Zheng, 1991
Oedipoda Latreille, 1829
Oedipodacris Willemse, 1932
= Tribe Parapleurini
=Auth. Brunner von Wattenwyl 1893 (synonym Parapleuri); distribution: N. America, Europe, Asia
Ceracris Walker, 1870
Ceracrisoides Liu, 1985
Formosacris Willemse, 1951
Mecostethus Fieber, 1852
Parapleurodes Ramme, 1941
Stethophyma Fischer, 1853
Yiacris Zheng & Chen, 1993
= Tribe Psinidiini
=Auth. Otte, 1984; distribution: N. America
Derotmema Scudder, 1876
Hippopedon Saussure, 1861 (synonym Platylactista)
Mestobregma Scudder, 1876
Metator McNeill, 1901
Psinidia Stål, 1873
Trachyrhachys Scudder, 1876
Trepidulus McNeill, 1901
= Tribe Sphingonotini
=Auth. Johnston, 1956; distribution: worldwide, esp. Africa, Europe, Asia
Conipoda Saussure, 1884
Cophotylus Krauss, 1902
Eusphingoderus Bei-Bienko, 1950
Eusphingonotus Bey-Bienko, 1950
Heliopteryx Uvarov, 1914
Helioscirtus Saussure, 1884
Hyalorrhipis Saussure, 1884
Microtes Scudder, 1900
Phaeonotus Popov, 1951
Pseudoceles Bolívar, 1899
Quadriverticis Zheng, 1999
Sphingoderus Bei-Bienko, 1950
Sphingonotus Fieber, 1852 - type species: Sphingonotus caerulans
Tetramerotropis Saussure, 1888
Thalpomena Saussure, 1884
Vosseleriana Uvarov, 1924
= Tribe Trilophidiini
=Auth. Shumakov 1963; distribution: Africa, Asia (monotypic tribe)
Trilophidia Stål, 1873
= Tribe Trimerotropini
=Auth. Blatchley, 1920; distribution: Americas
Circotettix Scudder, 1876
Conozoa Saussure, 1884
Dissosteira Scudder, 1876
Spharagemon Scudder, 1875
Trimerotropis Stål, 1873
= Tribe Tropidolophini
=Auth. Otte, 1995; distribution: N. America (monotypic tribe)
Tropidolophus Thomas, 1873 - monotypic Tropidolophus formosus
= Genera incertae sedis
=The genus Cibolacris was originally placed in Oedipodinae, and later moved to Gomphocerinae. The genus Stethophyma is traditionally included in Oedipodinae, but North American authors in particular sometimes place it in the Gomphocerinae or Acridinae. Some authors place all members of Oedipodinae within the subfamily Acridinae, and there has been much confusion and debate about the limits and relationships of the two subfamilies.
References
External links
Data related to Oedipodinae at Wikispecies
Media related to Oedipodinae at Wikimedia Commons
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
- Bandwing
- Celes
- Heteropternis obscurella
- Cheilopogon
- Slender burrowing grasshopper
- List of fishes of India
- Cryptobothrus
- Pycnostictus
- List of least concern fishes
- List of Orthoptera species of Ireland
