• Source: BEEP

The Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol (BEEP) is a framework for creating network application protocols. BEEP includes building blocks like framing, pipelining, multiplexing, reporting and authentication for connection and message-oriented peer-to-peer (P2P) protocols with support of asynchronous full-duplex communication.
Message syntax and semantics is defined with BEEP profiles associated to one or more BEEP channels, where each channel is a full-duplex pipe. A framing-mechanism enables simultaneous and independent communication between peers.
BEEP is defined in RFC 3080 independently from the underlying transport mechanism. The mapping of BEEP onto a particular transport service is defined in a separate series of documents.




Overview


Profiles, channels and a framing mechanism are used in BEEP to exchange different kinds of messages. Only content type and encoding are defaulted by the specification leaving the full flexibility of using a binary or textual format open to the protocol designer. Profiles define the functionality of the protocol and the message syntax and semantics. Channels are full-duplex pipes connected to a particular profile. Messages sent through different channels are independent from each other (asynchronous). Multiple channels can use the same profile through one connection.
BEEP also includes TLS for encryption and SASL for authentication.




History


In 1998 Marshall T. Rose, who also worked on the POP3, SMTP, and SNMP protocols, designed the BXXP protocol and subsequently handed it over to the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) workgroup in summer 2000. In 2001 the IETF published BEEP (RFC 3080) and BEEP on TCP (RFC 3081) with some enhancements to BXXP. The three most notable are:

Using application/octet-stream as the default "Content-Type"
Support multi-reply for messages
Changing the name from BXXP to BEEP




BEEP session


To start a BEEP session, an initiating peer connects to the listening peer. Each peer sends a reply containing a greeting element. The greeting contains up to three different elements:

features: optional channel management profile feature tokens supported by the peer.
localize: optional preferred language tags for reporting and messages.
profile : profiles supported by the peer.
Example greeting and answer:




Profiles


Profiles define the syntax and semantics of messages and the protocol functionality based on BEEP. A single BEEP session can provide access to multiple profiles. To identify a profile, a unique string is assigned to it. This profile identifier has the format of a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) or Uniform Resource Name (URN). In the past, the URI format of the profile identifier lead to confusion, because it is similar to a web address. To avoid misunderstandings, newer profiles should use the URN format.
Example profile identifier:




Messages and frames


BEEP messages are structured according to the MIME standard. There are sometimes misunderstandings about BEEP using XML in messages, but only a small subset of XML is used by channel 0 and it is transparent to the profile designer (BEEP user). It's up to the profile designer which message content format is used. This can be any textual format like JSON or XML as well as binary data. XML is used in the channel management and the TLS standard profile defined with BEEP.
Example of a successful channel close message exchange from RFC3080.

Larger messages are split into multiple parts and distributed over a number of sequence frames.




= Exchange types

=
BEEP defines 5 message types to allow most of the application protocol patterns needed:

Some of the most common application protocol patterns are implemented as follows:

Request-reply using MSG for request and RPY and ERR for replies
Single request-multiple replies using MSG, and a series of ANS replies ended by a NUL frame
Unacknowledged notification using MSG without a reply




= Flow control

=
BEEP supports sequence frames (SEQ) to implement flow control at the channel level. Sequence frames are defined in RFC 3081 section 3.3.
The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) defines a sequence mechanism on the transport layer level and supports flow control related to the connection.
BEEP needs flow control on the channel level to make sure no channel or big message monopolizes the connection. To that end, sequence frames are used to support quality of service (QoS) and to avoid starvation and deadlock.




References






External links


BEEPcore.org Official website
RFC 3080: The Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol Core
RFC 3081: Mapping the BEEP Core onto TCP
RFC 3117: On the Design of Application Protocols, design considerations of the BXXP protocol as told by its creators
RFC 3195: Reliable Delivery for syslog - BEEP Profile
RFC 3529: XML-RPC Profile for BEEP
RFC 4227: Using SOAP in BEEP
RFC 3620: The TUNNEL Profile
iana.org/assignments/beep-parameters Standard track BEEP profiles registry
Introduction to BEEP on IBM.com
• Source: Beep

Beep may refer to:




Science and technology


Beep (sound), a single tone onomatopoeia, generally made by a computer or a machine
BEEP, a network protocol framework
Beep (locomotive), a locomotive built in 1970
Beep (smart card), contact less card payment scheme in the Philippines initially intended for use in railway stations and some buses.




Entertainment


Beep (short story), a 1954 novelette by James Blish
"Beep" (The Pussycat Dolls song), a 2006 song performed by the Pussycat Dolls
"Beep!!", a 2011 song performed by Superfly
"Beep" (Bobby Valentino song), a 2008 song performed by Bobby Valentino
"Beep", a 2022 song performed by M.I.A. from Mata
Beep (video game), a 2011 2D-platforming action and adventure game by Big Fat Alien
Beep: A Documentary History of Game Sound, a 2016 documentary by Karen Collins
Gemaga, a Japanese video game magazine once known as Beep




Other


Beep (soft drink), a former Canadian fruit drink
Beep test, oxygen uptake measuring multi-stage fitness test
Basis point, one part per ten thousand
BEEPS, Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey
Beep, an informal nickname for borough presidents in New York City.




See also


Beep, beep (disambiguation)
BEP (disambiguation)
Beeb (disambiguation)
Beeper (disambiguation)

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