• Source: Berlese funnel

A Berlese funnel or Berlese trap is a device used to extract desiccation-intolerant invertebrates from samples of soil or leaf litter. It works by creating a desiccation gradient over the sample such that mobile organisms will move away from the dry environment and fall into a collecting vessel, where they are preserved for examination.
Biologist Antonio Berlese first described such a device in 1905, using a hot water jacket as heat source. In 1918 Albert Tullgren described a modification, where the heating came from above by an electric bulb and the heat gradient was increased by an iron sheet drum around the soil sample. For this reason the term Tullgren funnel is also used. A modern funnel usually combines elements from both methods and thus may be referred to as a Berlese-Tullgren funnel.
Another variation uses naphthalene flakes or similar aromatic mothballs in place of a heat source to drive organisms downward. This method finds application in situations without electrical power, where the organisms are repulsed by volatile preservatives in collection container, or they cannot migrate downward quickly enough to avoid succumbing to desiccation.




See also


Insect collecting
Soil biology




References






Further reading


Smith, L. B. (31 May 2012). "Efficiency of Berlese-Tullgren funnels for removal of the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, from wheat samples". The Canadian Entomologist. 109 (4): 503–9. doi:10.4039/Ent109503-4.
Dondale, C. D.; Nicholls, C. F.; Redner, J. H.; Semple, R. B.; Turnbull, A. L. (31 May 2012). "An improved Berlese-Tullgren funnel and a flotation separator for extracting grassland arthropods". The Canadian Entomologist. 103 (11): 1549–52. doi:10.4039/Ent1031549-11.
Crossley, D.A.; Blair, John M. (February 1991). "A high-efficiency, 'low-technology' Tullgren-type extractor for soil microarthropods". Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 34 (1–4): 187–92. doi:10.1016/0167-8809(91)90104-6.
Hubert, Jan; Nesvorna, Marta; Stejskal, Vaclav (October 2009). "The efficacy of sieving, filth flotation and Tullgren heat extraction for detecting various developmental stages of Tribolium castaneum and Ephestia kuehniella in samples of wheat grain, flour and semolina". Journal of Stored Products Research. 45 (4): 279–88. doi:10.1016/j.jspr.2009.05.003.
Wheeler, Quentin D.; McHugh, Joseph V. (1987). "A Portable and Convertible 'Moczarski/Tullgren' Extractor for Fungus and Litter Coleoptera". The Coleopterists Bulletin. 41 (1): 9–12. JSTOR 4008312.
Harris, Marvin (15 October 1971). "Sampling Pear Foliage for Nymphs of the Pear Psylla, Using the Berlese-Tullgren Funnel". Journal of Economic Entomology. 64 (5): 1317–8. doi:10.1093/jee/64.5.1317.
Besuchet, Claude; Burckhardt, Daniel H.; Löbl, Ivan (1987). "The 'Winkler/Moczarski' Eclector as an Efficient Extractor for Fungus and Litter Coleoptera". The Coleopterists Bulletin. 41 (4): 392–394. JSTOR 4008527.

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Berlese funnel
• Antonio Berlese
• Soil food web
• Coccinella leonina
• Glossary of ant terms
• Albert Tullgren
• Gustav Karl Theodor Friedrich Baermann
• Fairyfly
• Troglosironidae
• Entomological evidence collection