• Source: Bismarck Archipelago

The Bismarck Archipelago (German: Bismarck-Archipel, pronounced [ˈbɪsmaʁk ˌaʁçiˈpeːl]) is a group of islands off the northeastern coast of New Guinea in the western Pacific Ocean and is part of the Islands Region of Papua New Guinea. Its area is about 50,000 square kilometres (19,000 sq mi).




History


The first inhabitants of the archipelago arrived around 30,000–40,000 years ago. They may have traveled from New Guinea, by boat across the Bismarck Sea or via a temporary land bridge, created by an uplift in the Earth's crust. Later arrivals included the Lapita people, the direct ancestors of the Austronesian peoples of Polynesia, eastern Micronesia, and Island Melanesia.
The first European to visit these islands was Dutch explorer Willem Schouten in 1616. The islands remained unsettled by western Europeans until they were annexed as part of the German protectorate of German New Guinea in 1884. The area was named in honour of the Chancellor Otto von Bismarck.
On 13 March 1888, a volcano erupted on Ritter Island causing a megatsunami. Almost the entire volcano fell into the ocean, leaving a small crater lake.

Following the outbreak of World War I, the Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force seized the islands in 1914 and Australia later received a League of Nations mandate for the islands. They remained under Australian administration—interrupted only by Japanese occupation during World War II—until Papua New Guinea became independent in September 1975.




Geography


The Bismarck Archipelago includes mostly volcanic islands with a total land area of 49,700 km2 (19,189 sq mi). The archipelago surrounds the Bismarck Sea and sits upon the North Bismarck Plate, the Manus Plate and the South Bismarck Plate.
Islands are grouped here according to administrative province:

Manus Province (see 9 on the map)
Admiralty Islands, group of 18 islands including:
Manus Island, main island
Los Negros Island
Lou Island
Ndrova Island
Tong Island
Baluan Island
Pak Island
Purdy Islands
Rambutyo Island
St. Andrews Islands
Western Islands, with:
Aua Island
Hermit Islands
Kaniet Islands (Anchorite)
Sae Island
Ninigo Islands
Wuvulu Island
New Ireland Province (12)
New Ireland or also Niu Ailan, main island
New Hanover or Lavongai
St Matthias Islands
Tabar Group
Lihir Group
Tanga Group
Feni Islands
Dyaul Island
East New Britain Province (4)
New Britain or also Niu Briten, main island
Duke of York Islands
Duke of York Island
Kabakon
Kerawara
Makada
Mioko
Mualim
Ulu
West New Britain Province (18)
New Britain or also Niu Briten, main island
Vitu Islands
Morobe Province (11)
Umboi Island
Tolokiwa Island
Sakar Island
Ritter Island
Malai Island
Tuam Island
Madang Province (8)
Long Island
Crown Island
Karkar Island
Bagabag Island
Manam
East Sepik Province (5)
Schouten Islands
The passage of water between the islands of New Britain and New Ireland is called St. George's Channel after St. George's Channel in the British Isles between Wales and Ireland.




See also



List of islands of Papua New Guinea




Notes






Bibliography


Firth, Stewart (1983). New Guinea Under the Germans. Carlton, Australia: Melbourne University Press. ISBN 0-522-84220-8.
Howe, K. R., Robert C. Kiste, Brij V. Lal, eds. (1994). Tides of History: The Pacific Islands in the Twentieth Century. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0-8248-1597-1.
King, David et al. (1982). Papua New Guinea Atlas: A Nation in Transition. Bathurst, Australia: R. Brown and the University of Papua New Guinea. ISBN 0-909197-14-8.
Moore, Clive (2003). New Guinea: Crossing Boundaries and History. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0-8248-2485-7.
Ryan, Peter, ed. (1972). Encyclopedia of Papua New Guinea. 3 volumes; Vol I: A – K, maps, black and white illustrations, xv + 588pp. Vol II: l – Z, maps, black and white illustrations, 589–1231pp. Vol III: Index, folding colour map in rear pocket, map, colour illustration, v + 83pp. Carlton, Australia: Melbourne University Press. ISBN 978-0-522-84025-4.




External links



"Bismarck Archipelago" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.
"Bismarck Archipelago" . The New Student's Reference Work . 1914.

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Sirih gading
• Kemoyang
• Setapuh
• Karakalo australia
• Jagal (burung)
• Psychotria warongloaensis
• Kampanye Britania Baru
• Serimpat
• Kebudayaan Lapita
• Ambal
• Bismarck Archipelago
• Malesia
• Bismarck Sea
• Bismarck
• New Guinea campaign
• Island Melanesia
• Bismarck ringed python
• Admiralty Islands
• German New Guinea
• Bandicoot