• Source: BL 12-inch Mk X naval gun

The BL 12 inch Gun Mark X was a British 45-calibre naval gun which was mounted as primary armament on battleships and battlecruisers from 1906. It first appeared on HMS Dreadnought.




History



The Mk X continued the trend of lengthening gun barrels as far as new construction methods would permit, in order to allow more cordite propellant to be used to attain higher projectile velocities. The Mk X increased the bore length from the Mk IX's 480 to 540 in (12 to 14 metres), increasing muzzle velocity from 2,600 to 2,700 ft/s (790 to 820 m/s).
Subsequent British attempts to further increase the power of 12-inch guns led to failure with the 50-calibre Mk XI and Mk XII guns; the Mk X was the last successful 12-inch British gun.




= Naval use

=
Mk X guns were mounted in the following ships which served throughout World War I:

Lord Nelson-class battleships, laid down 1905, completed 1908
Battleship HMS Dreadnought, laid down 1905, completed 1906
Invincible-class battlecruisers, laid down 1906, completed 1908–1909
Bellerophon-class battleships, laid down 1906, completed 1909
Indefatigable-class battlecruisers, laid down 1909, completed 1911–1913




= World War I use ashore

=
From 1917 several Mk X guns were deployed ashore on the section of the Belgian coast still held by the Allies, near Nieuwpoort. They were part of the "Royal Naval Siege Guns" under the command of Admiral Sir Reginald Bacon, and were used for attacking German heavy gun batteries.




Ammunition






See also


List of naval guns




= Weapons of comparable role, performance and era

=
305mm/45 Modèle 1906 gun French equivalent
EOC 12 inch /45 naval gun Elswick Ordnance Company equivalent
12"/45 caliber Mark 5 gun US equivalent




Notes






References






Bibliography


"Range Tables for His Majesty's Fleet, 1910. February, 1911"
Treatise on Ammunition, 1915




External links



Tony DiGiulian, British 12"/45 (30.5 cm) Mark X

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