• Source: Blackhouse

A blackhouse (Irish: teach dubh [ˌtʲax ˈd̪ˠʊw]; Scottish Gaelic: t(a)igh-dubh [t̪ʰə ˈt̪uh]) is a traditional type of house which used to be common in Ireland, the Hebrides, and the Scottish Highlands.




Origin of the name



The origin of the name blackhouse is of some debate. On the Isle of Lewis, in particular, it seems to have been used to distinguish the older blackhouses from some of the newer white-houses (Irish: teach bán [ˌtʲax ˈbˠaːnˠ], teach geal [ˌtʲax ˈɟalˠ]; Scottish Gaelic: taigh-geal [t̪ʰə ˈkʲal̪ˠ]), with their harled (rendered) stone walls. There may also be some confusion arising from the phonetic similarity between the dubh, meaning black, and tughadh, meaning thatch.




Description


The buildings were generally built with double wall dry-stone walls packed with earth, and were roofed with wooden rafters covered with a thatch of turf with cereal straw or reed. The floor was generally flagstones or packed earth and there was a central hearth for the fire. There was no chimney for the smoke to escape through. Instead the smoke made its way through the roof. This led to the soot blackening of the interior which may also have contributed to the adoption of the name blackhouse.
The blackhouse was used to accommodate livestock as well as people. People lived at one end and the animals lived at the other with a partition between them.




Lewis blackhouse



Although the Lewis blackhouses have a look of real antiquity, most of the upstanding ruins were built less than 150 years ago. Many were still roofed until the 1970s but without the necessary annual repairs deteriorated rapidly; as people moved into more modern dwellings with indoor plumbing and better heating, most have fallen into ruin. However, blackhouses are increasingly being restored, especially for use as holiday accommodation.

The blackhouses on Lewis have roofs thatched with cereal straw over turf and thick, stone-lined walls with an earthen core. Roof timbers rise from the inner face of the walls providing a characteristic ledge at the wall head (tobhta). This gives access to the roof for thatching. Both the animals and occupants shared the same door, living at different ends of the same space. Several long ranges, or rooms, were usually built alongside each other, each one having its own ridgeline, giving them the very distinctive look of the Lewis blackhouse.
The immediate origins of the blackhouse are unclear, as few pre-eighteenth century examples have ever been excavated. One reason for this is that, unlike their later counterparts, the early examples may have been made of turf and thatch and quickly returned to the earth once abandoned. As one of the most primitive forms of the North Atlantic longhouse tradition, it is very probable that the roots of the blackhouse, in which cattle and humans shared the same roof, is well over 1000 years old. The Lewis examples have clearly been modified to survive in the tough environment of the Outer Hebrides. Low rounded roofs, elaborately roped, were developed to resist the strong Atlantic winds, and walls were made thick to provide insulation and support the sideways forces of the short driftwood roof timbers.




See also


Architecture in early modern Scotland#Vernacular architecture (section)
But and ben
Croft (land)
Crofting
Icelandic turf house
Scottish Vernacular
Vernacular architecture




References






External links



Gearrannan Blackhouse Village
Highland Village Museum / An Clachan Gàidhealach, Iona, Nova Scotia
The Blackhouse of the Highlands on "Dualchas Building Design" with good drawings and plans.
• Source: Black House

A blackhouse is a traditional type of thatched house in the Scottish Highlands.
Black House or Blackhouse may refer to:




Miscellaneous


Blackhouse (band), a Christian industrial band
Black House (novel), a 2001 horror novel by Stephen King and Peter Straub
The Blackhouse (novel), a 2011 novel by Peter May
Black House (film), a 2007 South Korean film, based on a Japanese book of the same name
Black House (Church of Satan), historic headquarters of the Church of Satan
Black House, Lviv, a Renaissance building on Lviv Market Square in Ukraine
Black House (MMA), a martial arts team and gym in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Headquarters of the British Union of Fascists
The Black House, a 1981 story collection by Patricia Highsmith
The Black House (album), a 2003 album by black metal band Krieg




Places






= United Kingdom

=
Blackhouse, Aberdeenshire, a United Kingdom location




= United States

=
Hugo Black House, Ashland, Alabama, listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)
Arthur F. Black House, Kingman, Arizona, NRHP-listed
Benjamin Clayton Black House, Searcy, Arizona, NRHP-listed
William Black Family House, Brinkley, Arkansas, NRHP-listed
William Black House (La Jolla, California), NRHP-listed
Mary C. W. Black Studio House, Monterey, California, NRHP-listed
Samuel M. Black House, Salinas, California, NRHP-listed
Black House (Church of Satan), headquarters of the Church of Satan in San Francisco, California
Dr. John A. Black House Complex, Pueblo, Colorado, NRHP-listed in Pueblo County
Grant-Black House, New Orleans, Louisiana, NRHP-listed in Orleans Parish
Black Mansion, Ellsworth, Maine, NRHP-listed
William L. Black House, Hammonton, New Jersey, NRHP-listed in Atlantic County
J.C. Black House, Carthage, North Carolina, NRHP-listed
Black-Cole House, Eastwood, North Carolina, NRHP-listed
George Black House and Brickyard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, NRHP-listed
Joseph Black Farmhouse, Circleville, Ohio, NRHP-listed in Pickaway County
Philip J. Black House, Loudonville, Ohio, NRHP-listed in Ashland County
Haller–Black House, Seaside, Oregon, NRHP-listed in Clatsop County
Dr. Walter Black House, Lake Oswego, Oregon, NRHP-listed in Clackamas County
William Black Homestead, New Cumberland, Pennsylvania, NRHP-listed
Black House (McMinnville, Tennessee), NRHP-listed
Thomas C. Black House, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, NRHP-listed
John M. Black Cabin, Ten Mile, Tennessee, NRHP-listed in Meigs County
E. B. Black House, Hereford, Texas, NRHP-listed in Deaf Smith County
John Black House, Beaver, Utah, NRHP-listed in Beaver County
Alfred L. Black House, Bellingham, Washington, NRHP-listed in Whatcom County
Merritt Black House, Kaukauna, Wisconsin, NRHP-listed




= Elsewhere

=
Baan Dam Museum, also known as the Black House, in Chiang Rai, Thailand

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