• Source: Blue hour

The blue hour (from French l'heure bleue; pronounced [lœʁ blø]) is the period of twilight (in the morning or evening, around the nautical stage) when the Sun is at a significant depth below the horizon. During this time, the remaining sunlight takes on a mostly blue shade. This shade differs from the colour of the sky on a clear day, which is caused by Rayleigh scattering.
The blue hour occurs when the Sun is far enough below the horizon so that the sunlight's blue wavelengths dominate due to the Chappuis absorption caused by ozone. Since the term is colloquial, it lacks an official definition such as dawn, dusk, or the three stages of twilight. Rather, blue hour refers to the state of natural lighting that usually occurs around the nautical stage of the twilight period (at dawn or dusk).
The blue hour is shorter in regions near the equator due to the sun rising and setting at steep angles. In places closer to the poles, the illumination and twilight periods are longer as the sun rises and sets at shallower angles.




Explanation and times of occurrence


The still commonly presented incorrect explanation claims that Earth's post-sunset and pre-sunrise atmosphere solely receives and disperses the sun's shorter blue wavelengths and scatters the longer, reddish wavelengths to explain why the hue of this hour is so blue. In fact, the blue hour occurs when the Sun is far enough below the horizon so that the sunlight's blue wavelengths dominate due to the Chappuis absorption caused by ozone.
When the sky is clear, the blue hour can be a colourful spectacle, with the indirect sunlight tinting the sky yellow, orange, red, and blue. This effect is caused by the relative diffusibility of shorter wavelengths (bluer rays) of visible light versus the longer wavelengths (redder rays). During the blue "hour", red light passes through space while blue light is scattered in the atmosphere, and thus reaches Earth's surface.
Blue hour usually lasts about 20–96 minutes right after sunset and right before sunrise. Time of year, location, and air quality all have an influence on the exact time of blue hour. For instance in Egypt (every 21st of June), when sunset is at 7:59 PM: blue hour occurs from 7:59 PM to 9:35 PM. When sunrise is at 5:54 AM: blue hour occurs from 4:17 AM to 5:54 AM. Golden hour occurs from 5:54 AM to 6:28 AM and from 7:25 PM to 7:59 PM.




Art



























Photography


Many artists value this period for the quality of the soft light. Although the blue hour does not have an official definition, the blue color spectrum is most prominent when the Sun is between 4° and 8° below the horizon.
Photographers use blue hour for the tranquil mood it sets. When photographing during blue hour it can be favourable to capture subjects that have artificial light sources, such as buildings, monuments, cityscapes, or bridges.





















See also


Color temperature
Green flash
Golden hour (photography)




Notes






References






External links



Blue hour mobile application (iOS, Iphone/iPad)
bluehoursite.com: Everything about Blue Hour and Night Photography (news, articles, tips and calculator)
Twilight Calculator, Golden Hour/Blue Hour table
• Source: Blue Hour

Blue Hour is a collaboration album by jazz saxophonist Stanley Turrentine and The Three Sounds recorded for the Blue Note label and performed by Turrentine with Gene Harris, Andrew Simpkins and Bill Dowdy. The album was reissued in 2000 with an additional disc of unreleased recordings, as Blue Hour: The Complete Sessions (Blue Note 24586).




Reception



The Allmusic review by Ken Dryden awarded the 2000 2CD Reissue 3 stars and describes it as "a very relaxed and bluesy release". The original album was awarded 4½ stars by Michael Erlewine of Allmusic.




Track listing


Original LP

"I Want a Little Girl" (Murray Mencher, Billy Moll) – 7:03
"Gee Baby, Ain't I Good to You" (Andy Razaf, Don Redman) – 5:20
"Blue Riff" (Gene Harris) – 6:26
"Since I Fell for You" (Buddy Johnson) – 8:46
"Willow Weep for Me" (Ann Ronell) – 9:55
Bonus tracks on Blue Hour: The Complete Sessions CD 2:

"Blues in the Closet" (Pettiford) – 5:00
"Just in Time" (Comden, Green, Styne) – 5:40
"Gee Baby, Ain't I Good to You" [Alternate Take] – 5:33
"Where or When" (Hart, Rodgers) – 7:00
"Blue Hour" (Gene Harris) – 5:14
"There Is No Greater Love" (Jones, Symes) – 8:24
"Alone Together" (Dietz, Schwartz) – 4:40
"Strike up the Band" (George Gershwin, Ira Gershwin) – 5:24
Recorded on December 16, 1960 (original LP & CD 2 tracks 1–3) and June 29, 1960 (CD 2 tracks 4–8).




Personnel


Stanley Turrentine – tenor saxophone
Gene Harris – piano
Andrew Simpkins – bass
Bill Dowdy – drums




= Production

=
Alfred Lion – producer
Reid Miles – design
Rudy Van Gelder – audio engineer
Francis Wolff – photography




References

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