• Source: Boiling points of the elements (data page)

This is a list of the various reported boiling points for the elements, with recommended values to be used elsewhere on Wikipedia.




Boiling points, Master List format


In the following table, the use row is the value recommended for use in other Wikipedia pages in order to maintain consistency across content.




Periodic Table format






Notes


Unless noted, all values refer to the normal boiling point at standard pressure (101.325 kPa).




References






= Zhang et al.

=
Zhang, Yiming; Evans, Julian R. G.; Yang, Shoufeng (2011). "Corrected Values for Boiling Points and Enthalpies of Vaporization of Elements in Handbooks". J. Chem. Eng. Data. 56 (2): 328–337. doi:10.1021/je1011086.




= WebEl

=
As quoted at http://www.webelements.com/ from these sources:

A.M. James; M.P. Lord (1992). Macmillan's Chemical and Physical Data. London: Macmillan. ISBN 9780333511671.
G.W.C. Kaye; T. H. Laby (1993). Tables of physical and chemical constants (15th ed.). London: Longman.




= CRC

=
Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). CRC Press. pp. 4.121–4.123. ISBN 978-1439855119.




= Lange

=
As quoted from:

J.A. Dean, ed. (1999). Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th ed.). McGraw-Hill. Section 3; Table 3.2 Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds. ISBN 978-0-07016384-3.




= Otozai et al.

=
Otozai, K.; Takahashi, N. (1982). "Estimation Chemical Form Boiling Point Elementary Astatine by Radio Gas Chromatography". Radiochimica Acta. 31 (3–4): 201–203. doi:10.1524/ract.1982.31.34.201. S2CID 100363889.




= Lavrukhina et al.

=
Lavrukhina, Avgusta Konstantinovna; Pozdnyakov, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich (1970). Analytical Chemistry of Technetium, Promethium, Astatine, and Francium. Translated by R. Kondor. Ann Arbor–Humphrey Science Publishers. p. 269. ISBN 978-0-250-39923-9.




See also


Melting points of the elements (data page)
Densities of the elements (data page)

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Oganeson
• Galium
• Boiling points of the elements (data page)
• Melting points of the elements (data page)
• Critical points of the elements (data page)
• Boiling point
• Heats of vaporization of the elements (data page)
• List of data references for chemical elements
• List of boiling and freezing information of solvents
• Outline of chemistry
• Periodic table
• Datasheet