• Source: Boreostemma

Boreostemma is an extinct genus of glyptodonts from northern South America. Fossils assigned to the genus were first described as belonging to Asterostemma from southern South America, but have been placed in the new genus Boreostemma by Carlini et al. in 2008. The type species is B. pliocena. Fossils of Boreostemma have been found in the Honda Group of Colombia, in Peru and Venezuela.




Etymology


The genus name Boreostemma is a combination of stemma, taken from Asterostemma, and boreo is derived from borealis, meaning "northern", to distinguish the northern South American genus from the southern Asterostemma.




Taxonomy


Boreostemma has been placed as closely related to the later Glyptodon and Glyptotherium. Cladogram after Barasoain et al. 2022:




= Species

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Four species have been described in the genus Boreostemma. Unspecified Boreostemma fossils were found in the Ipururo Formation of the department of Ucayali, Amazonian Peru. Asterostemma contains the type species A. depressa and several nomina dubia. The genus has been found in the Early Miocene (Santacrucian in the SALMA classification) Santa Cruz Formation of the province of Santa Cruz, Argentina and in the Solimões Formation in the state of Acre, Amazonian Brazil.

B. pliocena
The type species B. pliocena was described in 2008 by Carlini et al. based on 30 osteoderms palate fragment with M6-7 alveoli. Fossils have been described from the type locality along the road to Tío Gregorio in the Codore Formation at the Lagerstätte of Urumaco.

B. gigantea
B. gigantea was described as Asterostemma gigantea in 1997 by Carlini et al. based on a partial skeleton. Fossils have been recovered at the Duke Localities 32, 108, 113, 114 and 121W in the La Victoria Formation of the Honda Group at the Konzentrat-Lagerstätte La Venta.

B. acostae
B. acostae was described as Asterostemma acostae in 1983 by Carlos Villarroel based on a carapace fragment with 44 plates. Fossils have been found in the Cerbatana Member, and the Chunchullo Sandstone of the La Victoria Formation, of the Honda Group at the Konzentrat-Lagerstätte La Venta.

B. venezolensis
B. venezolensis was described as Asterostemma venezolensis in 1947 by George Gaylord Simpson, based on most of the carapace and the anterior end of the lower jaw, including teeth. Fossils have been uncovered from the Santa Inés Formation along the banks of the Güere River in the state of Anzoátegui in Venezuela.




Gallery






See also



List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Colombia
Glyptodon




References






= Bibliography

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Carlini, Alfredo A.; Zurita, Alfredo E.; Scillato Yané, Gustavo J.; Sánchez, Rodolfo; Aguilera, Orangel A. (2008), "New Glyptodont from the Codore Formation (Pliocene), Falcón State, Venezuela, its relationship with the Asterostemma problem and the paleobiogeography of the Glyptodontinae", Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 82 (2): 139–152, Bibcode:2008PalZ...82..139C, doi:10.1007/BF02988405, retrieved 2017-09-26
González Ruiz, Laureano R.; Ciancio, Martin R.; Martin, Gabriel M.; Zurita, Alfredo E. (2014), "First record of supernumerary teeth in Glyptodontidae (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata)" (PDF), Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, e885033 (1): 1–6, Bibcode:2015JVPal..35E5033G, doi:10.1080/02724634.2014.885033, retrieved 2017-09-26
González, Laureano Raul (2010), Los Cingulata (Mammalia, Xenarthra) del Mioceno Temprano y Medio de Patagonia (edades Santacrucense y "Friasense") revisión sistemática y consideraciones bioestratigráficas (PhD thesis), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, pp. 1–468, retrieved 2017-09-26
Simpson, George Gaylord (1947), "A Miocene glyptodont from Venezuela", American Museum Novitates (1368): 1–10, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.866.6506, retrieved 2018-10-01
Zurita, Alfredo E.; González Ruiz, Laureano R.; Gómez Cruz, Arley J.; Arenas Mosquera, José E. (2013), "The most complete known Neogene Glyptodontidae (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from northern South America: taxonomic, paleobiogeographic, and phylogenetic implications", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 33 (3): 696–708, Bibcode:2013JVPal..33..696Z, doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.726677, hdl:11336/2971, retrieved 2017-09-26

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Boreostemma
• Glyptodont
• Glyptodon
• Glyptotherium
• Alexander von Humboldt
• Megatherium
• Neosclerocalyptus
• Purussaurus
• Doedicurus
• Gryposuchus