• Source: Britannia (atlas)

Britannia is the title of each of three atlases created in England the late 16th and mid 18th centuries, describing some or all of the British Isles. These are the books published by William Camden (in 1586, reprinted 1693) and Richard Blome (in 1673) and John Ogilby (in 1675). Of the three, Ogilby's is probably best known because it was the first to use measured distances.




Camden's Britannia



In 1577, William Camden (1551–1623) began his great work Britannia, a topographical and historical survey of all of Great Britain and Ireland. His stated intention was to "restore antiquity to Britaine, and Britain to his antiquity". The first edition, written in Latin, was published in 1586. It proved very popular, and ran through five further Latin editions, of 1587, 1590, 1594, 1600 and 1607, each greatly enlarged from its predecessor in both textual content and illustrations. The 1607 edition included for the first time a full set of English county maps, based on the surveys of Christopher Saxton and John Norden, and engraved by William Kip and William Hole (who also engraved the fine frontispiece). The first English-language edition, translated by Philemon Holland, appeared in 1610, again with some additional content supplied by Camden.
Britannia is a county-by-county description of Great Britain and Ireland. It is a work of chorography: a study that relates landscape, geography, antiquarianism, and history. Rather than write a history, Camden wanted to describe in detail the Great Britain of his time, and to show how the traces of the past could be discerned in the existing landscape. By this method, he produced the first coherent picture of Roman Britain.




Blome's Britannia



Richard Blome (1635-1705) published his Britannia, or a Geographical Description of the Kingdom of England, Scotland and Ireland in 1673.




Ogilby's Britannia



In 1675, John Ogilby (1600–1676) issued his Britannia (also Itinerarium Angliæ), a road atlas depicting in strip form of most of the major routes in England and Wales. The atlas included such details as the configurations of hills, bridges, ferries and the relative size of towns. One hundred strip road maps are shown, accompanied by a double-sided page of text giving additional advice for the map's use, notes on the towns shown and the alternative pronunciations of their name. Another innovation was Ogilby's scale of one inch to the mile (1:63360). These are marked and numbered on each map, the miles further being divided into furlongs. At that period, the measurement of many minor roads had used a locally defined mile rather than the standard mile of 1760 standard yards which Ogilby adopted in his atlas, thus setting the standard for road maps in future.
The most obvious omission from Ogilby's atlas is the route to Liverpool.
The volume includes a panoramic frontispiece plate that includes a surveyor's wheel being used to measure distances.




= Editions

=
It appears that two editions were released, one tinted and one monochrome, under different titles. The tinted edition was called

BRITANNIA Volume the First OR, AN ILLUSTRATION OF THE KINGDOM OF ENGLAND AND Dominion of Wales: By a Geographical and Historical DESCRIPTION OF THE Principal Roads thereof. Actually Admeasured and Delineated in a Century of Whole-Sheet Copper-Sculpt.
and the monochrome edition was

Itinerarium Angliæ or, a Book of ROADS Wherein are Contain'd The Principal Road-Ways of His Majesty's Kingdom of ENGLAND and Dominion of Wales: Actually Admeasured and Delineated in a Century of Whole Sheet Copper-Sculps
The book was sold at £5 (the equivalent of about £757 in 2019), was in a large format, and weighed about 8 kg (18 lb).




= Successors

=
A version of the book, "The traveller's guide or, a most exact description of the roads of England", in a smaller format and without any maps, was published in 1699 by Abel Swall.
Ogilby's Britannia inspired and provided the model for Britannia Depicta or Ogilby improv'd published by Emanuel Bowen and John Owen in 1720.




= List of the 100 strip maps

=

The preface to the atlas gives a list ("catalogue") of the maps it contains:

(City of) London, Acton, Uxbridge, Beaconsfield, High Wycombe, Tetsworth, Oxford, Islip
Islip, Moreton-in-Marsh, Broadway, Pershore, Bromyard, Worcester
Bromyard, Leominster, Presteign, Aberystwyth
London, Ewell, Dorking, Billingshurst, Amberley, Arundel, Chichester
London, Waltham, Hoddesdon, Ware, Royston, Huntingdon, Stilton
Stilton, Stamford, Grantham, Newark, Tuxford
Tuxford, Doncaster, Wentbridge, Tadcaster, York
York, Boroughbridge, Northallerton, Darlington, Durham, Chester-le-Street
Chester-le-Street, Newcastle upon Tyne, Morpeth, Alnwick, Belford, Berwick
London, Hounslow, Maidenhead, Reading, Newbury, Hungerford, Marlborough
Marlborough, Calne, Chippenham, Bristol, Axbridge, Huntspill
London, Acton, Uxbridge, Amersham, Aylesbury, Buckingham, Banbury
Banbury, Stratford, Bromsgrove, Kidderminster, Bridgnorth
London, Brentford, Hounslow, Colnbrook, Slough, Maidenhead, Abingdon
Abingdon, Faringdon, Fairford, Barnsley, Gloucester, Monmouth
Monmouth, Newport, Cardiff, Cowbridge, Aberavon, Burton
Burton, Kidwelly, Haverfordwest, St Davids
London, Southwark, Rochester, Canterbury, Dover
London, Romford, Brentford, Chelmsford, Colchester, Harwich
London, Farningham, Maidstone, Ashford, Hythe
London, High Barnet, St Albans, Dunstable, Stony Stratford, Towcester
Towcester, Daventry, Coventry, Lichfield
Lichfield, Rugeley, Stone, Stableford, Nantwich, Tarporley, Chester
Chester, Denbigh, Conway, Beaumaris, Holyhead
London, Hounslow, Staines, Basingstoke, Andover
Andover, Salisbury, Shaftsbury, Sherborne, Crewkerne
Crewkerne, Honiton, Exeter, Ashburton, Plymouth
Plymouth, Fowey, Tregony, Penzance, Land's End
London, Croydon, East Grinstead, Lewes, Newhaven, Brighton, Shoreham
London, Wandsworth, Cobham, Godalming, Petersfield, Portsmouth
London, Bromley, Sevenoaks, Tonbridge, Rye
Andover, Warminster, Bruton, Bridgwater
Bridgwater, Dulverton, Barnstaple, Torrington, Hatherleigh
Hatherleigh, Camelford, Padstow, St Columb, Truro
Chippenham, Bath, Wells, Marlborough, Devizes, Trowbridge, Wells
Stilton, Peterborough, Spalding, Boston, Sleaford, Lincoln
Darleston, Brewerton, Warrington, Wigan, Preston, Garstang
Garstang, Lancaster, Bolton, Kendal, Penrith, Carlisle
Guildford, Midhurst, Chichester, Midhurst, Petersfield, Winchester
Stony Stratford, Northampton, Market Harborough, Leicester, Loughborough, Derby
Temsford, Stilton, Peterborough, Market Deeping, Sleaford, Lincoln
Lincoln, Redbourne, Brigg, Barton, Hull, Beverley, Flamborough
Puckeridge, Cambridge, Ely, Downham, King's Lynn
Four Shire Stone, Chipping Campden, Worcester, Ludlow, Montgomery
High Barnet, Hatfield, Baldock, Biggleswade, St Neots, Oakham
Puckeridge, Newmarket, Thetford, Attleborough, Windham, Norwich
St Albans, Luton, Bedford, Wellingborough, Kettering, Oakham
Oakham, Melton Mowbray, Nottingham, Mansfield, Rotherham, Barnsley
Barnsley, Halifax, Skipton, Middleham, Richmond
Meriden, Birmingham, Bridgnorth, Shrewsbury, Welshpool
Bagshot, Farnham, Alton, Alresford, Southampton, Romsey, Salisbury
Newmarket, Swaffham, Wells; plus Newmarket, Bury St Edmunds
Basingstoke, Stockbridge, Cranborne, Blandford, Dorchester, Weymouth
Colchester, Ipswich, Saxmundham, Beccles, Yarmouth
Bristol, Chipping Sodbury, Tetbury, Cirencester, Burford, South Newington, Banbury
Bristol, Chepstow, Monmouth, Hereford, Leominster, Ludlow
Ludlow, Shrewsbury, Whitchurch, Chester
Bristol, Wells, Glastonbury, Taunton, Exeter
Bristol, Gloucester, Tewkesbury, Worcester
Bristol, Wells, Crewkerne, Frampton, Weymouth
Cambridge, St Neots, Northampton, Rugby, Coventry
Carlisle, Jedburgh, Kelso, Berwick
Chester, Wrexham, Newtown, Llanbadarn Fynydd ("Vunneth Llanbader"); thence to Cardiff.
Llanbadarn Fynydd ("Llanbader Vunneth"), Brecon ("Breckknock"), Cardiff
Dartmouth, Exeter, Tiverton, Minehead
St Davids, Fishguard, Cardigan, Talybont
Talybont, Bala, Ruthin, Holywell
Exeter, Chulmleigh, Ilfracombe, Bideford, Torrington
Exeter, Tavistock, Liskeard, Truro
Gloucester, Cheltenham, Chipping Campden, Warwick, Coventry
Gloucester, Ross-on-Wye, Hereford, Knighton, Montgomery
Hereford, Worcester, Droitwich, Bromsgrove, Coventry, Leicester
Huntingdon, Ely, Bury St Edmunds, Ipswich
Ipswich, Thwaite, Norwich, Cromer
King's Lynn, Thetford, Stowmarket, Harwich
King's Lynn, Gayton, Billingford, Norwich, Yarmouth
Monmouth, Abergavenny, Brecon, Lampeter
Nottingham, Lincoln, Market Rasen, Grimsby
Oxford, Faringdon, Malmesbury, Bristol
Oxford, Buckingham, Bedford, Cambridge
Oxford, Newbury, Basingstoke, Petersfield, Chichester
Oxford, Banbury, Coventry, Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Derby
Oxford, Hungerford, Salisbury, Cranborne, Poole
Presteign, Builth Wells, Llandovery, Carmarthen
Salisbury, Marlborough, Lechlade, Chipping Campden
Tynemouth, Newcastle, Hexham, Haltwhistle, Carlisle
Welshpool, Dolgellau, Caernarvon
York, Ripley, Skipton, Settle, Lancaster
York, Leeds, Rochdale, Manchester, Warrington
Warrington, Chester, Manchester, Stockport, Derby
Carmarthen, Cardigan, Lampeter, Aberystwyth
Chelmsford, Sudbury, Bury St Edmunds
Chelmsford, Maldon, Rayleigh, Ingatestone, Billericay, Gravesend, Dover
Exeter, Colyford, Lyme Regis, Bridport, Dorchester, Plymouth, Dartmouth
Ferrybridge, Boroughbridge, Ripon, Barnard Castle; plus Ferrybridge to Wakefield
Kendal, Ambleside, Cockermouth, Egremont, Cockermouth, Carlisle
Alresford, Winchester, Poole, Christchurch, Southampton, Winchester
Shrewsbury, Wrexham, Holywell, Chester, Flint, Holywell
Whitby, Guisborough, Stockton, Durham, Sunderland, Tynemouth
York, Pickering, Whitby, New Malton, Sherburn, Scarborough




Notes






References






External links


Ogilby's Britannia (Atlas.4.67.6) in Cambridge Digital Library (higher resolution copy)

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