• Source: Butternut Creek (Limestone Creek tributary)

Butternut creek" target="_blank">Creek is a stream in the greater Syracuse, New York area and a tributary of Limestone creek" target="_blank">Creek, part of the Oneida Lake watershed. The creek" target="_blank">creek is about 16 miles (26 km) long.




Geography


The creek" target="_blank">creek begins in a marshy area at Apulia Station, near State Route 80, as the confluence of a few seasonal streams that drain the nearby Truxton, Jones and Fellows Hills. It flows north through a glacial valley into Jamesville Reservoir. Below Jamesville Reservoir it is joined by Rush creek" target="_blank">Creek, flows through the village of Jamesville, past Clark Reservation State Park, and then under Interstate 481. The creek" target="_blank">creek intersects the old Erie Canal at the Cedar Bay near DeWitt where it is also joined by Meadow Brook. The creek" target="_blank">creek then flows past the CSX DeWitt rail yards and Interstate 90, turns east, and flows into Limestone creek" target="_blank">Creek near Minoa.
The Butternut creek" target="_blank">Creek watershed encompasses approximately 75 square miles (190 km2). There are 77.6 miles (124.9 km) of mapped streams within the watershed. Water quality in the Jamesville reach and above is considered good. However, the lower reaches of the creek" target="_blank">creek are moderately affected by high nutrient levels from agriculture and urban runoff. The 100-year flood flow at Interstate 90 bridge is estimated at 4,306 cubic feet per second (121.9 m3/s).




Geology


The topography of the Butternut creek" target="_blank">Creek watershed was sculpted by glaciers during the last ice age, During the glacial maximum, about 20,000 years ago, the whole area was covered by a thick ice sheet. As the ice retreated about 12,000 years ago during the Pleistocene, Glacial Lake Newbury was formed to the west, in the present-day Syracuse area. The lake was initially dammed on its east end by the hills between the Butternut and Onondaga creek" target="_blank">Creek valleys. As meltwater filled the lake, it overflowed this ridge, turning what is now lower Butternut creek" target="_blank">Creek into a large river, eventually connecting to the Mohawk–Hudson River river system. After the ice fully melted, the water drained northward into the Great Lakes and the Saint Lawrence River, leaving the now dry "Syracuse channels" – a series of large breaks between the Butternut and Onondaga valleys – and a 180 foot escarpment at Clark Reservation State Park, which was once a giant waterfall fed by glacier melt.
Near Jamesville, the Butternut creek" target="_blank">Creek valley has carved through the limestone Onondaga Escarpment, part of the 550-million-year-old Onondaga Formation, creating a steep and narrow gorge. The Jamesville Quarry is situated along the creek" target="_blank">creek and has excavated about 2,238 acres (906 ha) of the area.




History



The Butternut creek" target="_blank">Creek valley was centrally located in the traditional lands of the Onondaga people. In 1681, Father Jean de Lamberville wrote that the main Onondaga village was situated along the east bank of the creek" target="_blank">creek about a mile south of present day Jamesville, in the valley now flooded by Jamesville Reservoir. After clashes with French colonists in the early 1700s the Onondaga moved south into the hill country along upper Butternut creek" target="_blank">Creek, before being forced west to the Onondaga creek" target="_blank">Creek during the 1720s. According to the Geographic Names Information System, known Native American names for the creek" target="_blank">creek include Ka-soongk-ta, Kashunkta, Ki-ech-i-o-i-ah-te, and Oh-jees-twa-ya-na.
In 1856, the first Butternut creek" target="_blank">Creek Aqueduct was built to carry the Erie Canal across the creek" target="_blank">creek. The original wooden structure has since been replaced by a three-span stone and concrete bridge, with a span of 80 feet (24 m).

Jamesville Reservoir was originally constructed in 1874 to provide water for the Erie Canal during dry seasons. The reservoir has 224 acres (91 ha) of water, a capacity of 4,000 acre⋅ft (4,900,000 m3), and is bordered by Jamesville Beach County Park, a popular local swimming area. During the 1970s, the Jamesville Dam was found to have cracked from age and the reservoir was temporarily drained while repairs were carried out.
During the floods of 1974 the creek" target="_blank">creek crested at a record 7.84 ft (2.39 m), causing flooding in portions of DeWitt. Several portions of the creek" target="_blank">creek were channelized during the construction of Interstate 481 in the 1970s, to provide flood control and reduce erosion.
In 2012 the Butternut creek" target="_blank">Creek aqueduct breached, draining a large part of the Erie Canal and causing flash flooding in Butternut creek" target="_blank">Creek. The aqueduct was repaired by plugging the breach with gravel.




Recreation


The creek" target="_blank">creek is stocked annually with 7,600 brown trout and 600 brook trout from the Carpenter's Brook Fish Hatchery. The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation maintains 8.1 miles (13.0 km) of the creek" target="_blank">creek for public fishing. There is also a population of wild brook trout.
The 67.5-acre (27.3 ha) Butternut creek" target="_blank">Creek Recreation Area, a municipal park of the Town of DeWitt, is located adjacent to the creek" target="_blank">creek in the vicinity of I-481 and Kinne Road, and consists of a hiking/ biking trail along the creek" target="_blank">creek as well as boardwalk trails in nearby marshes. The trail connects with the New York State Canalway Trail at Ryder Park and Recreation Area, on the old Erie Canal. There is a proposal to add a canoe launch and fishing dock on Butternut creek" target="_blank">Creek.




List of crossings


From the mouth upstream:




See also


List of rivers of New York




References






External links


Media related to Butternut creek" target="_blank">Creek (Onondaga County, NY) at Wikimedia Commons

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Butternut Creek
• Butternut Creek (Limestone Creek tributary)
• List of rivers of New York
• Limestone Creek (Chittenango Creek tributary)
• Halton Hills
• Bowman Creek
• DeWitt, New York
• Ninemile Creek (Onondaga Lake tributary)
• History of Sussex County, New Jersey
• List of rivers of Pennsylvania