• Source: Caesarean text-type

In textual criticism of the New Testament, Caesarean text-type is the term proposed by certain scholars to denote a consistent pattern of variant readings that is claimed to be apparent in certain Koine Greek manuscripts of the four Gospels, but which is not found in any of the other commonly recognized New Testament text types (Byzantine, Western and Alexandrian).
In particular a common text type has been proposed to be found: in the ninth/tenth century Codex Koridethi; in Codex Basilensis A. N. IV. 2 (a Greek manuscript of the Gospels used sparingly by Erasmus in his 1516 printed Koine New Testament); and in those Gospel quotations found in the third century works of Origen, which were written after he had settled in Caesarea. The early translations of the Gospels in Armenian and Georgian also appear to witness to many of the proposed characteristic Caesarean readings, as do the small group of minuscule manuscripts classed as Family 1 and Family 13. However, some text critics such as Kurt and Barbara Aland have disputed the existence of a Caesarean text-type.




Description


A particularly distinctive common reading of the proposed text-type is in Matthew 27:16-17, where the bandit released by Pontius Pilate instead of Jesus is named as "Jesus Barabbas" rather than—with all other surviving witnesses—just "Barabbas". Origen notes particularly that the form "Jesus Barabbas" was common in manuscripts in Caesarea, whereas he had not found this reading in his previous residence in Alexandria. Otherwise the Caesarean readings have a mildly paraphrastic tendency that seems to place them between the more concise Alexandrian, and the more expansive Western text-types. None of the surviving Caesarean manuscripts is claimed to witness a pure type of text, as all appear to have been to some degree assimilated with readings from the Byzantine text-type.
Some writers have questioned the validity of this grouping, claiming that the classification is the result of poor research. Insofar as the Caesarean text-type does exist, then it does so only in the Gospels, with most studies focusing on readings in Mark; the text-type is not so well defined in Matthew, Luke and John. The proposed Caesarean witnesses do not appear to have any common distinctive readings in the rest of the New Testament. Some of the Caesarean manuscripts have the so-called Jerusalem Colophon.
The Caesarean text-type was discovered and named by Burnett Hillman Streeter in 1924. According to some scholars such as Kurt and Barbara Aland, it is only a hypothetical text-type. There are no pure Caesarean manuscripts. In many cases, it is difficult to decide the original reading of the group, for instance in Mark 1:16:: LIII 

αμφιβαλλοντας τα δικτυα — ƒ13 565.
αμφιβληστρα βαλλοντας — ƒ1
αμφιβληστρον βαλλοντας — 700.
βαλλοντας αμφιβληστρον — 28.
Classification siglia
H. von Soden — Iota (Jerusalem) (I), in part (most strong "Caesarean" witnesses are found in Soden's Iα group, with family 1 being his Iη and family 13 being Iι).
Kirsopp Lake, an outstanding British textual critic, developed the hypothesis of the relationship between ƒ1, ƒ13, Θ, 565, 700, and 28. Streeter carried Lake's work further by pointing to Caesarea as the original location of the family.
F. G. Kenyon — Gamma (γ)
M. J. Lagrange — C




Supposed witnesses


The earliest potential witnesses to something alike the Caesarean manuscripts are Papyrus 45 (𝔓45) and some of the (now non-existent) manuscripts used by Origen. According to biblical scholar Teofilio Ayuso, 𝔓45 and the quotations of Origen count as "proto-Caesarean", however the full Caesarean text only appears later in manuscripts such as Koridethi (Θ) and the early Armenian and Georgian manuscripts. Notwithstanding this association of 𝔓45 and a "proto" or "pre-Caesarean" text-type, biblical scholar Larry Hurtado quashed any sort of affiliation between 𝔓45 and the Caesarean text-type. He argued only that 𝔓45 and Codex Washingtonianus (W) had a close relationship in the Gospel of Mark, but not with any other witness considered to represent the Caesarean text-type. Therefore, Hurtado states "the 'pre-Caesarean' witnesses are not Caesarean at all," and accordingly 𝔓45 and W "[do] not belong to any major text-type."

Other manuscripts
𝔓29, 𝔓38, 𝔓41, 𝔓48,
Uncial 0188,
174, 230, 406 (?), 788, 826, 828, 872 (only in Mark), 1071, 1275, 1424 (only in Mark), 1604, 2437, ℓ 32.




Textual features


(Apparent Caesarean witnesses in Bold)
Matthew 8:13

και υποστρεψας ο εκατονταρχος εις τον οικον αυτου εν αυτη τη ωρα ευρεν τον παιδα υγιαινοντα (and when the centurion returned to his house in that hour, he found the slave well) - א‎ C (N) Θ (0250) ƒ1 (33. 1241.) g1 syrh
omit. - Majority of MSS: 18 
Matthew 13:35

δια Ησαιου του προφητου (through Isaiah the prophet) – Θ ƒ1 ƒ13 33.
δια του προφητου (through the prophet) — Majority of MSS: 50 
Matthew 20:23

και το βαπτισμα ο εγω βαπτιζομαι βαπτισθησεσθε (and be baptized with the baptism that I am baptized with) - Majority of MSS
omit. — א‎ B D L Z Θ 085 ƒ1 ƒ13 it syrs, c sa: 56 
Matthew 27:16–17

Ιησουν τον Βαραββαν (Jesus Barabbas) — Θ ƒ1 700.* syrs, pal arm geo
τον Βαραββαν (Barabbas) — Majority of MSS
Mark 8:14

ενα μονον αρτον εχοντες (only having one loaf) — 𝔓45 Θ ƒ1 565. 700 k sa
omit — Majority of MSS
Mark 8:15

των Ηρωδιανων (of the Herodians) — 𝔓45 W Θ ƒ1 ƒ13 28. 565. 1365. i k copsa arm geo
Ηρωδου (of Herod) — majority of mss
Mark 8:17

εν ταις καρδιαις υμων, ολιγοπιστοι (in your hearts, Oh little-faithed ones) — Θ 28. 565. 700. pc syrh
omit. - Majority of MSS
Mark 9:29

προσευχη και νηστεια (prayer and fasting) — 𝔓45 A C D L W Θ Ψ ƒ1 ƒ13 Majority of MSS
προσευχη (prayer) — א‎ B 0274 k
Mark 10:19

μη αποστερησης (do not defraud) — א‎ A B2 C D X Θ 565. 892. 1009. 1071. 1195. 1216. 1230. 1241 1253. 1344. 1365. 1646. 2174. Byz Lect
omit. — B* K W Δ Ψ ƒ1 ƒ13 28 700 1010. 1079. 1242. 1546. 2148. ℓ 10 ℓ 950 ℓ 1642 ℓ 1761 syrs arm geo: 165 
Mark 12:1

ανθρωπος τις εφυτευσεν αμπελωνα (a certain man planted a vineyard) — W Θ ƒ13 565 aur c
αμπελωνα ανθρωπος εφυτευσεν (a man planted a vineyard) — א‎ Β C Δ Ψ 33. 1424.
Mark 12:7

θεασαμενοι αυτον ερχομενον ειπαν προς εαυτους (seeing him coming, he said towards them) — Θ 565. 700. c
θεασαμενοι αυτον ερχομενον ειπον (seeing him coming, he said) — N ƒ13 28.
προς εαυτους ειπαν οτι (he said towards them, "Because...) — א‎ Β C L W' Ψ 33. 892.
ειπαν προς εαυτους (he said towards them) — D
ειπον προς εαυτους οτι (he said towards them, "Because...) — A Majority of MSS
Mark 13:6

λέγοντες ὅτι Ἐγώ ο Xρηστός (saying that, "I am the Messiah") — W Θ ƒ13 28 61. 115. 255. 299. 565. 700. 1071. b c g2 l vgmss sa bo geob arm arabms Cyp
λέγοντες ὅτι Ἐγώ εἰμι (saying that, "I am he") — Majority of MSS




Notes






References


Metzger, Bruce Manning (1945). "The Caesarean Text of the Gospels". Journal of Biblical Literature. 64 (4): 457–489. doi:10.2307/3262276. JSTOR 3262276.




External links


Text Types And Textual Kinship – from the Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism
Concerning the "Caesarean Text"
Origins of the Caesarean text

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Teks Kaisarea
• Papirus 45
• Caesarean text-type
• Western text-type
• Alexandrian text-type
• Byzantine text-type
• Codex Koridethi
• Family 1
• Caesarean section
• Textus Receptus
• Early translations of the New Testament
• Novum Testamentum Graece