- Source: Canadian Forces Europe
Canadian Forces Europe was the Canadian Forces military formation in Europe during the Cold War. The CF assisted other NATO allies in watching the military activities of Warsaw Pact and the Soviet Union.
Canadian Forces Europe (CFE) consisted of two formations in West Germany, Canadian Forces Base Lahr, with the 4 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group (1957–1993), and No. 1 Air Division RCAF at Canadian Forces Base Baden-Soellingen, which later became 1 Canadian Air Group. Both formations closed in the early 1990s with the end of the Cold War.
CFB Baden also held one Battalion of Infantry.
Canadian Forces Europe 1989 units
Besides units of army and air force Canadian Forces Europe also contained a number of multi-service commands and units:
Canadian Forces Europe (CFE), CFB Lahr
Canadian Forces Element, HQ CENTAG, in Heidelberg
Canadian Forces Element, HQ 4 ATAF, at Ramstein Air Base
Canadian Forces Element, HQ AMF (L), in Mannheim
Canadian Forces Element, NATO Airborne Early Warning Force, E-3A Component, at Geilenkirchen Air Base
National Support Unit, at Geilenkirchen Air Base
Communications Group Europe, CFB Lahr
Communications Squadron Lahr
Communications Squadron Baden-Söllingen
Canadian Forces Network, CFB Lahr
Canadian Forces Hospital Europe, CFB Lahr
Base Hospital Lahr
Base Hospital Söllingen
35 Dental Unit, CFB Lahr
Detachment Söllingen, 35 Dental Unit
CFB Lahr
Base Post Office
Base Transportation Section
Base Maintenance (Land) Section
Base Supply Section
Base Construction Engineering Squadron Lahr
Base Ground Operations Section
Lahr Military Police Section
CFB Baden-Söllingen
Base Post Office
Base Transportation Section
Base Maintenance (Land) Section
Base Supply Section
Base Construction Engineering Squadron Baden-Söllingen
Base Ground Operations Section
Baden-Söllingen Military Police Section
311 Forward Mobile Support Unit, providing general logistic support to CFE
Forward Storage Site, for units that would have been dispatched to Germany in case of war, in Zimmern ob Rottweil
Ammunition Depot Lahr
Ammunition Depot Söllingen
Training Area Langenhard
Canadian Army
Canada had maintained a presence in Europe as part of the NATO forces since 1951, when 27 Canadian Infantry Brigade was initially deployed to Hannover attached to British Army of the Rhine (BAOR). This formation, which was formed primarily with Militia units, eventually moved to a permanent base at Soest in 1953. To begin with, it was intended to rotate brigades to Germany - 27 CIB was replaced by 1 Canadian Infantry Brigade Group in October 1953, which in turn was replaced by 2 Canadian Infantry Brigade Group in 1955, and then 4 Canadian Infantry Brigade Group in 1957. The arrival of 4 CIBG saw a significant reinforcement of the formation's capabilities; prior to this each brigade had only been equipped with a squadron of main battle tanks. The arrival of 4 CIBG saw a full armoured regiment equipped with Centurions and an independent brigade reconnaissance squadron with Ferrets. In 1959, when 4 CIBG's tour was due to end, a change was made in the reinforcement policy for West Germany. Instead of whole brigades rotating every two years, the decision was made to keep 4 CIBG and its associated brigade units in place, instead rotating the major combat elements to Germany every three years.
The brigade was headquartered in Soest. Individual units were stationed both at Soest and other towns in North Rhine-Westphalia:
Soest - BHQ, 1 x infantry battalion, service units
Hemer - 1 x infantry battalion, artillery regiment
Werl - 1 x infantry battalion, engineer regiment, field ambulance
Iserlohn - armoured regiment
In 1962, the brigade was reinforced with the addition of the Royal Canadian Armoured Corps helicopter recce troop, equipped with nine CH-112 Nomad helicopters. By the mid 1960s, 4 CIBG's manpower totalled 6,700 men; it featured three mechanised infantry battalions, a reconnaissance squadron equipped with both armoured vehicles and helicopters, artillery equipped with both fire support and tactical nuclear weapons, and an extensive logistic operation. The extent of the Canadian operation led to the British describing it as "a light division".
The brigade was renamed 4 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group in May 1968.
The reformation of 1st Canadian Division in November 1989 followed the Canadian government's decision to end the Canadian Air-Sea Transportable Brigade Group (CAST) commitment to reinforce Northern Norway. 5 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, based in Quebec, was thus available for other tasks. The CAST rapid-reinforcement commitment had been encountering problems, most graphically demonstrated during Exercise Brave Lion in 1986, which prompted Canada to start formal consultations with NATO about consolidating the CAST Brigade and 4 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, based in southern Germany. The two separate forces would have meant critical logistical and medical support needs would have gone unmet in case of real war.
The headquarters was established, with both 4 Brigade and 5 Brigade under command, at Kingston, Ontario, with a forward detachment at Lahr in Germany where 4 Brigade was based. The main headquarters was intended to move gradually from Kingston to Lahr over a period of time, though this never, in the event, took place.
= Structure 1989
=Canadian Forces Europe
1 Canadian Division (Forward), CFB Lahr
1st Canadian Division Headquarters and Signal Regiment, CFB Lahr
1st Canadian Division Intelligence Company, CFB Lahr
4 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, CFB Lahr
4 CMBG Headquarters & Signal Squadron, CFB Lahr
8th Canadian Hussars (Princess Louise's), CFB Lahr (77x Leopard C1, 20x Lynx, 36x M113, 2x M577, 6x Bergepanzer)
1er Btn, Royal 22e Régiment, CFB Lahr (2x M577, 65x M113, 11x Lynx, 18x M113 TUA with TOW, 24x M125 with a 81mm mortar)
3rd Btn, Royal Canadian Regiment, CFB Baden-Söllingen (2x M577, 65x M113, 11x Lynx, 18x M113 TUA with TOW, 24x M125 with a 81mm mortar)
1st Regiment, Royal Canadian Horse Artillery, CFB Lahr (2x M577, 26x M109A4, 46x M113, 24x M548)
4 Combat Engineer Regiment, CFB Lahr (14x M113, 2x M577, 6x M548, 9x Badger AEV, 6x Biber bridgelayer)
4 Service Battalion, CFB Lahr (4x M113, 2x Bergepanzer, 6x MTV-R)
4 Field Ambulance, CFB Lahr
4 Military Police Platoon, CFB Lahr
4 Air Defence Regiment, Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery
Headquarters & Service Battery, 4 Air Defence Regiment, RCA (2x M 577, 2x M113)
127 Air Defence Battery (detached to 4 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group), CFB Lahr (12x ADATS, 15x Javelin, 5x M113)
128 Air Defence Battery (detached to 4 Wing), CFB Baden-Söllingen (4x ADATS, 8x 35mm Skyguard)
129 Air Defence Battery (detached to 3 Wing), CFB Lahr (4x ADATS, 8x 35mm Skyguard)
4 Air Defence Workshop
In case of war 1 Canadian Division would have been reinforced by 5 Groupe-brigade mécanisé du Canada and 1,400 men from 1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group would have been sent to bring 4 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group to full wartime strength. 1 Canadian Division would have been assigned to the Central Army Group Commander's tactical reserve, performing operations in support of either II (German) Corps or VII US Corps.
Royal Canadian Air Force
To meet NATO's air defence commitments during the Cold War, No. 1 Air Division RCAF was established in Europe in the early 1950s with four Royal Canadian Air Force bases in France and West Germany. These included RCAF Station Marville (No. 1 Wing) and RCAF Station Grostenquin (No. 2 Wing) in France and Royal Canadian Air Force Station Zweibrücken (No. 3 Wing) and Royal Canadian Air Force Station Baden-Soellingen (No. 4 Wing) in West Germany. These wings consisted of three fighter squadrons each.
RCAF Station Grostenquin was closed in 1964 and its units transferred to RCAF Station Marville. In 1967 Marville was closed after France's withdrawal from NATO's military command structure and the units transferred to new RCAF Station Lahr (later CFB Lahr, now Flughafen Lahr). RCAF Station Zweibrücken was closed in 1969.
= Structure 1989
=Canadian Forces Europe
1 Canadian Air Division, CFB Baden-Söllingen, in war under Fourth Allied Tactical Air Force
1 Wing CFB Lahr
3 Wing Operations
3 Communication and Air Traffic Control Squadron
416 Tactical Fighter Squadron or 441 Tactical Fighter Squadron from CFB Cold Lake, 18x CF-18
425 Tactical Fighter Squadron or 433 Tactical Fighter Squadron from CFB Bagotville, 18x CF-18
4 Wing CFB Baden-Söllingen
4 Wing Operations
4 Communication and Air Traffic Control Squadron
409 Tactical Fighter Squadron, 18x CF-18
421 Tactical Fighter Squadron, 18x CF-18
439 Tactical Fighter Squadron, 18x CF-18
Air Reserve Augmentation Flight (Reserve Pilots)
Training Flight, 5x CT-133 Silver Star
1 Air Maintenance Squadron CFB Baden-Soellingen
4 Construction Engineer Squadron, detached from Royal Canadian Engineers
444 Tactical Helicopter Squadron (detached to 4 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group), CFB Lahr (CH136 Kiowa, UH1N)
Detachment Lahr, 412 Transport Squadron, 2x CC-142 Dash 8
5 Air Movement Unit
References
http://www.canadiansoldiers.com/organization/orgformations/4cmbg.htm
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