- Source: Ceiling effect (pharmacology)
In pharmacology, the term ceiling effect refers to the property of increasing doses of a given medication to have progressively smaller incremental effect (an example of diminishing returns). Mixed agonist-antagonist opioids, such as nalbuphine, serve as a classic example of the ceiling effect; increasing the dose of a narcotic frequently leads to smaller and smaller gains in relief of pain. In many cases, the severity of side effects from a medication increases as the dose increases, long after its therapeutic ceiling has been reached.
The term is defined as "the phenomenon in which a drug reaches a maximum effect, so that increasing the drug dosage does not increase its effectiveness." Sometimes drugs cannot be compared across a wide range of treatment situations because one drug has a ceiling effect.
Sometimes the desired effect increases with dose, but side-effects worsen or start being dangerous, and risk to benefit ratio increases. This is because of occupation of all the receptors in a given specimen.
See also
Agonist–antagonist opioids
Buprenorphine
Codeine
Dose–response relationship
Pain ladder
Weber–Fechner law
References
External links
Is there a ceiling effect of transdermal buprenorphine? Preliminary data in cancer patients
Clinical evidence for an LH ‘ceiling’ effect induced by administration of recombinant human LH during the late follicular phase of stimulated cycles in World Health Organization type I and type II anovulation
Analgesic effect of i.v. paracetamol: possible ceiling effect of paracetamol in postoperative pain
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
- Ceiling effect (pharmacology)
- Ceiling effect
- Ceiling effect (statistics)
- Dose–response relationship
- Diuretic
- List of effects
- Steric effects
- Buprenorphine
- 14-Methoxymetopon
- Nalbuphine
