• Source: Chloro(triphenylphosphine)gold(I)

Chloro(triphenylphosphine)gold(I) or triphenylphosphinegold(I) chloride is a coordination complex with the formula (Ph3P)AuCl. This colorless solid is a common reagent for research on gold compounds.




Preparation and structure


The complex is prepared by reducing chloroauric acid with triphenylphosphine in 95% ethanol:

HAuCl4 + H2O + 2 PPh3 → (Ph3P)AuCl + Ph3PO + 3 HCl
Ph3PAuCl can also be prepared by treating a thioether complex of gold like (dimethyl sulfide)gold(I) chloride, [(Me2S)AuCl], with triphenylphosphine.
The complex adopts a linear coordination geometry, which is typical of most gold(I) compounds.
It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121 with a = 12.300(4) Å, b = 13.084(4) Å, c = 10.170(3) Å with Z = 4 formula units per unit cell.




Reactivity


Triphenylphosphinegold(I) chloride is a popular stable precursor for a cationic gold(I) catalyst used in organic synthesis. Typically, it is treated with silver(I) salts of weakly coordinating anions (e.g., X– = SbF6–, BF4–, TfO–, or Tf2N–) to generate a weakly bound Ph3PAu–X complex, in equilibrium with the catalytically-active species [Ph3PAu]+X– in solution. Among these, only the bistriflimide complex Ph3PAuNTf2 can be isolated as the pure compound. The nitrate complex Ph3PAuONO2 and the oxonium species [(Ph3PAu)3O]+[BF4]– are also prepared from the chloride.
As shown in the scheme below, the methyl complex Ph3PAuMe is prepared from triphenylphosphinegold(I) chloride by transmetalation with a Grignard reagent. Further treatment of Ph3PAuMe with methyllithium displaces the phosphine ligand and generates lithium di- and tetramethylaurate, Li+[AuMe2]– and Li+[AuMe4]–, respectively.




References

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Bilangan oksidasi
• Paladium
• Chloro(triphenylphosphine)gold(I)
• Coordination number
• Organogold chemistry
• Ylide
• Resonance (chemistry)
• Glossary of chemical formulae
• Oxidation state
• Trimethylenemethane complexes
• Hammett equation
• Nitrate chlorides