• Source: Ciona

Ciona is a genus of sea squirts in the family Cionidae.
The body of Ciona is bag-like and covered by a tunic, which is a secretion of the epidermal cells. The body is attached at a permanent base located at the posterior part, and the opposite bears two openings, the buccal (oral) and atrial (cloacal) siphons. The water is drawn into the ascidian through the buccal siphon and leaves the atrium through the atrial siphon.




Species


Species in this genus include:

Ciona antarctica Hartmeyer, 1911
Ciona edwardsi Roule, 1884
Ciona fascicularis Hancock, 1870
Ciona gelatinosa Bonnevie, 1896
Ciona hoshinoi Monniot C., 1991
Ciona imperfecta Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1977
Ciona intermedia Mastrototaro, 2020
Ciona intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1767)
Ciona longissima Hartmeyer, 1899
Ciona mollis Ritter, 1907
Ciona pomponiae Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1989
Ciona robusta Hoshino & Tokioka, 1967
Ciona roulei Lahille, 1887
Ciona savignyi Herdman, 1882
Ciona sheikoi Sanamyan, 1998




Genome projects


As of 2008, the genomes of Ciona intestinalis and Ciona savignyi have been sequenced.




Sexual reproduction


Ciona intestinalis is a hermaphrodite that releases sperm and eggs almost simultaneously into the surrounding seawater. C. intestinalis is self-sterile and thus has been used for studies on the mechanism of self-incompatibility. C. savigny is highly self-fertile, but non-self sperm out-compete self-sperm in fertilization competition assays. Mechanisms promoting non-self fertilization may have evolved to avoid inbreeding depression, and to facilitate outcrossing which allows the masking of deleterious recessive mutations.




Use as food


Ciona is being developed in Norway as a potential substitute meat protein, after processing to remove its 'marine taste' and to make its texture less 'squid-like'.




References

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Ascidiacea
• Garis besar biologi
• Everton Soares
• Ciona
• Ciona intestinalis
• Ciona robusta
• Ciona savignyi
• Ascidiacea
• Tunicate
• Ciona Wilson
• Phtheochroa ciona
• Eric Lander
• List of animals by number of neurons