• Source: Colubroidea

Colubroidea is a superfamily of snakes in the clade Colubroides that includes Colubridae, with some studies splitting Colubridae into multiple families that make up Colubroidea. Historically, Colubroidea also included other caenophidian snakes such as cobras and vipers, as these snakes form a clade. However these groups are now divided into several distinct, but related, families. Zaher et al. (2009) proposed to redefine Colubroidea for colubrids and related families, while designating Colubroides as the group containing vipers and cobras as well as colubroids. The ReptileDatabase considers Colubroidea to be composed of Colubridae and the members of its sister group, Elapoidea, and does not recognize the division of Colubridae into multiple families.




Classification


Phylogeny
Families and Subfamilies
Usual taxonomy:

Family: Colubridae Oppel, 1811
Subfamily: Grayiinae Günther, 1858
Subfamily: Calamariinae Bonaparte, 1838
Subfamily: Ahaetullinae Figueroa, McKelvy, Grismer, Bell & Lailvaux, 2016
Subfamily: Colubrinae Oppel, 1811
Subfamily: Sibynophiinae Dunn, 1928
Subfamily: Natricidae Bonaparte, 1838
Subfamily: Pseudoxenodontidae McDowell, 1987
Subfamily: Xenodontinae Dunn, 1928
Subfamily: Dipsadinae Bonaparte, 1838
Alternate taxonomy:

Family: Sibynophiidae Dunn, 1928
Family: Natricidae Bonaparte, 1838
Family: Pseudoxenodontidae McDowell, 1987
Family: Dipsadidae Bonaparte, 1838
Subfamily: Carphophiinae Zaher et al., 2009
Subfamily: Xenodontinae Dunn, 1928
Subfamily: Dipsadinae Bonaparte, 1838
Family: Colubridae Oppel, 1811
Subfamily: Grayiinae Günther, 1858
Subfamily: Calamariinae Bonaparte, 1838
Subfamily: Ahaetullinae Figueroa, McKelvy, Grismer, Bell & Lailvaux, 2016
Subfamily: Colubrinae Oppel, 1811
Unknown Genera incertae sedis (not currently placed in a family, usually because of the absence of genetic data, but suspected to be colubroids based on morphology)




Fossil Colubroidea






= North America

=
Mexico




= South America

=

Legend
Age - bold is type age (SALMA)
Formation - bold is Lagerstätte




References

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Squamata
• Sibynophis
• Dryocalamus
• Dipsadinae
• Kolubrid
• Colubroidea
• Hydrophiinae
• Colubridae
• Colubroides
• Sea krait
• Xenodermidae
• Caenophidia
• Atractaspis
• Oreocalamus hanitschi
• Blyth's reticulated snake