• Source: Commodity price index

A commodity price index is a fixed-weight index or (weighted) average of selected commodity prices, which may be based on spot or futures prices. It is designed to be representative of the broad commodity asset class or a specific subset of commodities, such as energy or metals. It is an index that tracks a basket of commodities to measure their performance. They are similar to stock market indices but track the price of a basket of specific commodities. These indexes are often traded on exchanges, allowing investors to gain easier access to commodities without having to enter the futures market. The value of these indexes fluctuates based on their underlying commodities, and this value can be traded on an exchange in much the same way as stock index futures.
Investors can choose to obtain a passive exposure to these commodity price indices through a total return swap or a commodity index fund. The advantages of a passive commodity index exposure include negative correlation with other asset classes such as equities and bonds, as well as protection against inflation. The disadvantages include a negative roll yield due to contango in certain commodities, although this can be reduced by active management techniques, such as reducing the weights of certain constituents (e.g. precious and base metals) in the index.




History


The first index to track commodity futures prices was the Dow Jones futures index which started being listed in 1933 (backfilled to 1924). The next such index was the CRB ("Commodity Research Bureau") Index, which began in 1958. Due to its construction both of these were not useful as an investment index. A later practically investable commodity futures index was the Goldman Sachs Commodity Index, created in 1991 and known as the "GSCI". The next was the Dow Jones AIG Commodity Index. It differed from the GSCI primarily in the weights allocated to each commodity. The DJ AIG had mechanisms to periodically limit the weight of any one commodity and to remove commodities whose weights became too small. After AIG's financial problems in 2008 the Index rights were sold to UBS and then to Bloomberg and it is now known as the Bloomberg Commodity Index. Other commodity indices include the Reuters / CRB index (which is the old CRB Index re-structured in 2005) and the Rogers Index.
In 2005 Gary Gorton (then of Wharton) and Geert Rounwehorst (of Yale) published "Facts and Fantasies About Commodities Futures", which pointed out relationships between a commodities index and the stock market, and inflation. They were both employed as consultants to AIG Financial Products (AIG-FP), which was responsible for managing the DJAIG Index. Gorton's other role was to provide AIG-FP with the mathematical modelling expertise underpinning the construction of "Super-Senior" credit derivatives linked to mortgage-backed securities so as to ensure AIG was not exposed to risk of loss.




Categories


The constituents in a commodity price index can be broadly grouped into the following categories:

Energy (such as Coal, Crude Oil, Ethanol, Gas Oil, Gasoline, Heating Oil, Natural Gas, Propane)
Metals
Base metals (such as Lead, Zinc, Nickel, Copper)
Precious metals (such as Gold, Silver, Platinum, Palladium)
Agriculture
Grains (such as Corn, Oats, Rice, Soybeans, Wheat)
Softs (such as Coffee, Cocoa, Sugar, Butter, Cotton, Milk, Orange Juice)
Livestock (such as Hogs, Live Cattle, Pork Bellies, Feeder Cattle)




Indexes


AIG Emerging Market Foreign Exchange Indices
Astmax Commodity Index (AMCI)
Bloomberg Commodity Index
Credit Suisse Commodity Benchmark Index (CSCB)
Deutsche Bank Liquid Commodity Index (DBLCI)
S&P GSCI (formerly Goldman Sachs Commodity Index)
NCDEX Commodity Index
Refinitiv Equal Weight Commodity Index (formerly Continuous Commodity Index)
FTSE/CoreCommodity CRB Index
Rogers International Commodity Index
SummerHaven Dynamic Commodity Index
UBS Bloomberg Constant Maturity Commodity Index (CMCI)
World Bank Commodity Price Index




Discontinued Indexes


Commin Commodity Index
Dow Jones Futures Index of 1933
Standard & Poor's Commodity Index




See also


Commodity index fund




References






External links


Commodity Indexes Overview and Analysis by Rogers Raw Materials
Research Database of Commodity Price Indices
Commodity price index at the Open Directory Project

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