• Source: Damel

      • Damel was the title of the ruler (or king) of the Wolof kingdom of Cayor in what is now northwest Senegal, West Africa.
      The most well-known damel is probably Lat Dior Diop (1842–1886) who was killed by the French after decades of resisting their encroachment on Wolof territory. Lat Dior is a Senegalese national hero.
      The 30th and last Damel of Cayor, Samba Laobé Fall, was killed by the leader of a French delegation, Captain Spitzer, at Tivaouane, Senegal.


      Role


      Among the social classes of Cayor, the Damel stood on the top of the hierarchy. The Damel were traditionally seen as great magicians and it was through female relatives that royal blood was transmitted. Every descendant of a Damel in the maternal line became a garmi or noble.: 6 


      History


      The Damel began as the Great Lamane of Cayor, traditionally elected by the other Lamanes from the Fall family of Palene Ded, who claimed descend from Ousmane Boune Afal, a companion of Mohammed, by means of Wagadou.: 6  Lat Jor was the only Damel elected who was not part of the Fall paternal line.
      The term "Damel" may derive from "breaker", coming from the Wolof verb "damma" meaning "to break," referring to the breaking of their vassalage to the Jolof Empire at the 1549 battle of Danki. Alvise Cadamosto, however, recorded the use of the title "Damel" for the ruler of Cayor much earlier, in the 1450s.


      List of damel


      The following are the damel of Cayor, in order

      1549, Dece Fu Njogu
      1549–1593, Amary Ngone Sobel Fall
      1593–1600 Massamba Tako
      1697–1719, Lat Sukabe
      1719–1748, Isa-Tende
      1748–1749, Maissa Bigué Ngoné Fall (1st term)
      1749–1757, Ma-Bathio Samb
      1757–1758, Birima Kodu
      1758–1759, Maissa Bigué Ngoné Fall (2nd term)
      1759–1760, Birima Yamb
      1760–1763, Isa Bige Nagone
      1763–1766, Jor Yasin Isa
      1766–1777, Kodu Kumba
      1777–1790, Birima Fatim-Penda
      1790–1809, Amari Ngone Ndèla Kumba Fal
      1809–1832, Biram Fatma Cub Fal
      1832–1855, Maysa Tènde Jor Samba Fal
      1855–1860, Birima Ngone Latir Fal (d. 1860)
      1860–1861, Ma-Kodu Kumba Yande Fal
      1861 May – 1861 Dec 8, Ma-Jojo Jegeñ Kodu Fal (1st term)
      1862 – 1864 Jan, Lat Jor Ngone Latir Jop (1st term) (b. c.1842, d. 1886)
      1864 Jan – 1868, Ma-Jojo Jegeñ Kodu Fal (2nd term)
      1871 Feb 12 – 1882, Lat Jor Ngone Latir Jop (2nd term) (s.a.)
      1883 Jan – 1883 Aug 28, Amari Ngone Fal
      1883 Aug 28 – 1886 Oct 6, Samba Laobe Fal


      See also


      Teign
      Maad a Sinig
      Maad Saloum
      Lingeer
      Buumi


      Notes




      References


      Crowder, Michael (1968). West Africa Under Colonial Rule. Northwestern University Press.
      Hale, Thomas A., Johnson, John William and Belcher, Stephen Paterson (1997). Oral Epics From Africa: Vibrant Voices From A Vast Continent. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-21110-7
      Harney, Elizabeth, (2004). In Senghor's Shadow: Art, Politics, and the Avant-garde in Senegal, 1960-1995. Duke University Press. ISBN 0-8223-3395-3


      External links


      Lat Dior, Le Kayor, l'impossible defi (in French)

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