• Source: De (Cyrillic)

De (Д д; italic: Д д) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It commonly represents the voiced dental stop /d̪/, like the pronunciation of ⟨d⟩ in "door", except closer to the teeth. De is usually Romanized using the Latin letter D.




History


The Cyrillic letter De was derived from the Greek letter Delta (Δ δ).
In the Early Cyrillic alphabet its name was добро (dobro), meaning "good".
In the Cyrillic numeral system, De had a value of 4.




Form



The major graphic difference between De and its modern Greek equivalent lies in the two descenders ("feet") below the lower corners of the Cyrillic letter. The descenders were borrowed from a Byzantine uncial shape of uppercase Delta.
De, like the Cyrillic letter El, has two typographical variants: an older variant where its top is pointed (like Delta), and a modern one (first used in mid-19th-century fonts) where it is square. Nowadays, almost all books and magazines are printed with fonts with the second variant of the letter; the first one is rather stylish and only a few popular text fonts use it (the best known example is "Baltika" designed in 1951-52 by V. G. Chiminova and others).

In italic (Russian) type, the lowercase form looks more like the lowercase Latin ⟨d⟩, a mirrored numeral 6 or a partial derivative symbol ⟨∂⟩. Southern (Serbian, Bulgarian, Macedonian) typography may prefer a variant that looks like a single-storey lowercase Latin ⟨g⟩. Cursive lowercase De has the same two shapes, but with a different distribution: for example, the g-shaped variant is a standard for schools in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus but also used for certain typefaces with OpenType features.
The (Russian-Ukrainian-Belarusian-Bulgarian) cursive form of capital De looks like Latin D as the printed version is not comfortable enough to be written quickly. The Serbian cursive form is closer to the shape of a numeral "2" (identical to the form sometimes used for uppercase cursive Latin Q); this form is unknown in Russia.




Usage


It most often represents the voiced dental plosive /d/. However, word-finally and before voiceless consonants, it represents a voiceless [t]. Before a palatalizing vowel, it represents /dʲ/.




Related letters and other similar characters


- ᲁ : Cyrillic Small Letter Long-Legged De
Δ δ : Greek letter Delta
D d : Latin letter D
Л л : Cyrillic letter El
Ԁ ԁ : Cyrillic letter Komi De
G g : Latin letter G
∂ : Partial derivative symbol




Computing codes






References






External links


The dictionary definition of Д at Wiktionary
The dictionary definition of д at Wiktionary

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