• Source: Deep map

A deep map is a map with greater information than a two-dimensional image of places, names, and topography.
One such kind of intensive exploration of place was popularised by author William Least Heat-Moon with his book PrairyErth: A Deep Map. A deep map work can take the form of engaged documentary writing of literary quality. It may be performed in long-form on radio. It does not preclude the combination of writing with photography and illustration. Its subject is a particular place, usually quite small and limited, and usually rural.
Some call the approach "vertical travel writing", while archaeologist Michael Shanks compares it to the eclectic approaches of 18th- and early-19th-century antiquarian topographers or to the psychogeographic excursions of the early Situationist International.
Such a deep map goes beyond simple landscape/history-based topographical writing to include and interweave autobiography, archeology, stories, memories, folklore, traces, reportage, weather, interviews, natural history, science, and intuition. In its best form, the resulting work arrives at a subtle, multi-layered and "deep" map of a small area of the earth.
US scholars and writers of bioregionalism have promoted the concept of deep maps. The best known US examples are Wallace Stegner's Wolf Willow (1962) and Heat-Moon's PrairyErth (1991).
In Great Britain, the method is used by those who use the terms spirit of place and local distinctiveness. BBC Radio 4 has recently undertaken several series of radio documentaries that are deep maps. These are inspired by the "sense of place" work of the Common Ground organisation.
As used in the field of geographical information systems, deep maps have more kinds of information than 2D images with labels. They may have 3D information, census information, health or immigrant or education information; information on particular buildings, museum artifacts and where they are from, and the overall demographics of cities. They can link places to documents about their history. They can help support subjective descriptions, and narratives and as a storytelling approach they can help make complex and large-scale technical information legible and meaningful for local communities.




Key references


Heat-Moon, W. L. (2014). PrairyErth: a deep map. Houghton Mifflin Company.
Yuan, M., Warf, B., Toyosawa, N., Rayson, P., McIntosh, J., Martin, W. M., ... & Bodenhamer, D. J. (2015). Deep maps and spatial narratives. Indiana University Press.




See also


Cultural region
Spirit of place
Geographic Information Systems
Counter-mapping




References

• Source: DeepMap

DeepMap Inc. is a Palo Alto, California-based software company that develops high definition (HD) maps for self-driving vehicles.
The company was founded in 2016 by a group of former Google workers as well as Apple veterans. The software uses data from sensors and combines it with "data from all the cars connected to its system."




History


DeepMap was founded in Palo Alto, California in 2016 to create 3D mapping software to assist self-driving cars with navigation. Founders James Wu and Mark Wheeler were co-workers on Google Maps, and before that at Apple and Baidu. Wu became the company's CEO, and Wheeler became its Chief Technology Officer. Also in 2016, the company raised $7 million in initial funding.
In May 2017, the company raised $25 million in a Series A led by venture capital firm Accel, formerly Accel Partners, along with venture capital firms Andreessen Horowitz and GSR Ventures.
By February 2018, Bloomberg reported that the company announced it was working with the Ford Motor Company and China's SAIC Motor Corp. The company was also working with Honda's Xcelerator innovation program, based in Mountain View, California. In November, the company raised $60 million with a Series B, with returning investors along with German industrial firm Bosch's Robert Bosch Venture Capital, and US chipmaker Nvidia's GPU Ventures. The funding valued the company at $450 million. In December, the company announced deals with San Francisco-based mobility platform provider Ridecell and Sweden-based transportation company Einride to integrate DeepMap's HD maps with their autonomous fleets. Einride deployed its first truck using DeepMap's software in 2019.
In February 2019, The New York Times reported that research firm CB Insights included DeepMap on its list of companies on track for a $1 billion 'unicorn' valuation. The company was analyzed in a November 2019 case study by Harvard Business School, in "DeepMap: Charting the Road Ahead For Autonomous Vehicles."
In June 2021, Nvidia announced plans to acquire DeepMap to help with Nvidia Drive, the company's autonomous vehicle technology platform.




Products


DeepMap develops HD maps with a level of precision that reflects changes in the road in real time. Digital camera images are combined with lidar (laser imaging) to build detailed 3D maps to represent real-time road network data. By identifying the environment, including the locations of lanes and obstructions, robot drivers can localize their own and other vehicles' positions in real time. The maps are automatically updated as the car's sensors collect data, and the maps help predict the upcoming road. The company describes its maps "as the 'part of the brain' of the autonomous robot that allows it to understand its location."
The company provides hardware tools, software solutions and field data collection functions to allow customers to transfer their own fleet data into their own personalized HD maps. The maps are integrated with other parts of a vehicle's self-driving system, handling large amounts of HD data while communicating between the vehicle and the cloud.




Operations


DeepMap is headquartered in Palo Alto, California. James Wu and Mark Wheeler serve as chief executive officer and Chief Technology Officer respectively. The company's COO is Wei Luo.




References






External links


Archived official website

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