- Source: Drehu language
Drehu ([ɖehu]; also known as Dehu, Lifou, Lifu, qene drehu) is an Austronesian language mostly spoken on Lifou Island, Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia. It has about 12,000 fluent speakers and the status of a French regional language. This status means that pupils can take it as an optional topic for the baccalauréat in New Caledonia itself or on the French mainland. It has been also taught at the Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales (INALCO) in Paris since 1973 and at the University of New Caledonia since 2000. Like other Kanak languages, Drehu is regulated by the Académie des langues kanak, founded in 2007.
A separate register of Drehu, known as qene miny, was once used to speak to chiefs (joxu). Very few Drehu speakers know qene miny today.
Phonology
= Vowels
=/e/ is heard as [ɛ] before nasals.
/ø/ can sometimes be [e] before nasals.
= Consonants
=Writing system
Drehu was first written in the Latin script by the Polynesian and English missionaries of the London Missionary Society during the 1840s, with the help of the natives. The first complete Bible was published in 1890. The Bible writing system didn't distinguish between the dental (written "d", "t") and the alveolar/retroflex ("dr" and "tr") consonants, which for a long time were written indifferently "d" and "t". In Drehu /θ/ and /ð/ are not dental but interdental consonants. The new writing system was created during the 1970s.
Grammar
= Personal pronouns
=Singular
Eni/ni: I, me
Eö/ö: you
Nyipë/nyipëti: you (a polite form of address to a chief (joxu)or an older man)
Nyipo/nyipot(i): you (a polite form of address to an older woman)
Angeic(e): he, him, she
Nyidrë/nyidrët(i): he, him (a polite form of address to a chief (joxu)or an older man)
Nyidro/nyidrot(i): you (a polite form of address to an older woman)
Ej(e): it
Dual
Eaho/ho: we two (exclusive)
Easho/sho (easo/so): we two (inclusive)
Epon(i)/pon(i): you two
Eahlo: they two
Lue ej(e): they two for things and animals
Plural
Eahun(i)/hun(i): we, us (exclusive)
Eashë/shë, easë/së: we all, all of us (inclusive)
Epun(i)/pun(i): you
Angaatr(e): they, them
Itre ej(e): they, them (for things and animals)
Notes
Bibliography
Notes Grammaticales sur la langue de Lifu (Loyaltys) (in French). Paris. 1882.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Ray, Sidney H. (Jul–Dec 1917). "The People and Language of Lifu, Loyalty Islands". Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute. 47. Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland: 239–322. doi:10.2307/2843343. JSTOR 2843343.
Walsh, D. T. (1967). Dehu Grammar. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
(in French) Le drehu, langue de Lifou (Iles Loyauté): phonologie, morphologie, syntaxe. ISBN 2-85297-142-9
(in French) Maurice Lenormand, Dictionnaire de la langue de Lifou. Le Qene Drehu, 1999, Nouméa, Le Rocher-à-la-Voile, 533p
Tryon, Darrell T. Dehu-English dictionary. C-6, vi + 142 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1967. doi:10.15144/PL-C6
Tryon, Darrell T. English-Dehu dictionary. C-7, iv + 165 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1967. doi:10.15144/PL-C7
Tryon, Darrell T. Dehu grammar. B-7, xii + 122 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1968. doi:10.15144/PL-B7
External links
Read and listen to a traditional narrative in Drehu, in trilingual version Archived 2015-03-20 at the Wayback Machine (homepage of French CNRS-Lacito).
Database of audio recordings in Drehu (Lifu) - basic Catholic prayers
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
- Tumbuhan dan hewan terdomestikasi di Austronesia
- Drehu language
- New Caledonian languages
- DHV
- Talofa
- Meriam language
- Hawaiian language
- Languages of New Caledonia
- Nauruan language
- Moriori language
- Lifou Island
