- Source: Duke of Estonia
The first duke of Estonia (Danish: Hertug af Estland ) was appointed in 1220 by King Valdemar II of Denmark after the Danish conquest of Estonia during the Livonian crusade. The title was resumed by the kings of Denmark since 1269. During the 1266-82 reign of the queen dowager Margaret Sambiria, the title lady of Estonia (Latin: Domina Estonie) was used.
In 1332, after Christopher II died, his second son Otto inherited the title of the duke of Estonia. Valdemar III assumed the title in 1338.
The dukes of Estonia rarely resided in Estonia. To govern the Duchy of Estonia, the king of Denmark and royal counsellors appointed the Lieutenant (Latin: Capitaneus), who resided in Reval.
The king of Denmark sold the duchy to the Teutonic Order in 1346, but Christian I reassumed the title of duke of Estonia in 1456.
After the Livonian War, Estonia became part of the Swedish Empire, and the title was gained by kings of Sweden. Crown Prince Gustav Adolph was already Duke of Estonia 1607-1611 before he became King, but then officially abolished all Swedish duchies in 1618.
The title was resumed by the Russian tsars after the Great Northern War and Treaty of Nystad when Estonia became part of the Russian Empire. The last duke of Estonia (Russian: Князь Эстляндский) was Nicholas II of Russia.
Danish dukes of Estonia
The Duchy of Estonia (1219–1346) was part of the Kingdom of Denmark, where the House of Estridsen reigned.
In 1346, Northern Estonia is sold to the Livonian Order. This Order was already ruling Southern Estonia since 1237.
Swedish dukes of Estonia
The Duchy of Estonia (1561–1721) or Swedish Estonia was part of the Swedish Empire.
= House of Vasa
== House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken, a branch of the House of Wittelsbach
== House of Hesse
=On 10 September 1721, Sweden ceded Estonia to the Tsardom of Russia, in the Treaty of Nystad.
= Governors during Swedish rule
=1561–1562 Lars Ivarsson Fleming
1562–1562 Henrik Klasson Horn
1562–1564 Svante Stensson Sture
1564–1565 Hermann Pedersson Fleming
1565–1568 Henrik Klasson Horn
1568–1570 Gabriel Kristiernsson Oxenstierna
1570–1572 Hans Björnsson Lejon
1572–1574 Clas Åkesson Tott
1574–1575 Pontus de la Gardie
1576–1578 Karl Henriksson Horn
1576–1577 Nilsson Hans Eriksson Finne
1577–1580 Göran Boije af Gennäs
1580–1581 Svante Eriksson Stålarm
1582–1583 Göran Boije af Gennäs (2nd time)
1583–1585 Pontus De la Gardie
1585–1588 Gustaf Gabrielsson Oxenstierna
1588–1588 Hans Wachtmeister
1588–1590 Gustaf Axelsson Banér
1590–1592 Erik Gabrielsson Oxenstierna
1592–1600 Göran Boije af Gennäs (3rd time)
1600–1601 Karl Henriksson Horn
1601–1602 Moritz Stensson Leijonhufvud
1605–1608 Axel Nilsson Ryning
1611–1617 Gabriel Bengtsson Oxenstierna
1617–1619 Anders Eriksson Hästehufvud
1619–1622 Jacob de la Gardie
1622–1626 Per Gustafsson Banér
1626–1628 Johan De la Gardie
1628–1642 Philipp Scheiding
1642–1646 Gustaf Gabrielsson Oxenstierna
1646–1653 Erik Axelsson Oxenstierna
1653–1655 Heinrich von Thurn-Valsassina
1655–1656 Wilhelm Ulrich
1656–1674 Bengt Klasson Horn
1674–1681 Andreas Lennartson Torstensson
1681–1687 Robert Johannson Lichton
1687–1704 Axel Julius De la Gardie
1704–1706 Wolmar Anton von Schlippenbach
1706–1709 Niels Jonsson Stromberg af Clastorp
1709–1710 Carl Gustaf von Nieroth
References
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