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    • Source: ECHO IV

      • ECHO IV, or ECHO 4 (Electronic Computing Home Operator, or Electronic Computer for Home Operation) is a prototype of a home computer developed by Westinghouse Electric engineer James (Jim) Sutherland in the mid-1960s (1965-1966).


      History


      James Sutherland worked as an engineer for the American company Westinghouse Electric, designing fossil and nuclear power plant control systems. In 1959 the company built a computer called PRODAC IV (he was the designer of the arithmetic logic unit), using destructive-readout core memory and NOR logic.
      When PRODAC IV was replaced by a UNIVAC design, some of the Westinghouse controller hardware was declared surplus in 1965. Sutherland took up surplus boards and memory to build a home computer, ECHO IV (the "IV" in ECHO IV came from the PRODAC IV). It was made public for the first time in 1966.
      The computer was working in the Sutherland's house until 1976, and was donated to the Computer Museum in Boston in 1984.


      Technical specifications


      Processor
      Transistorized (2N404), with RTL NOR logic elements
      120 circuit modules
      18 commands
      4 registers
      Add time: 216 μs
      Frequency: 160 kHz
      Main memory:
      8,192 15-bit words, magnetic core
      Input/Output:
      paper tape reader and punch
      keyboard made from parts of IBM Selectric typewriter
      Kleinschmidt teleprinter
      Physical specifications:
      Four large wooden cabinets, each with approximate dimension of:
      Width: 4 feet
      Height: 6 feet
      Depth: 2 feet
      Weight: about 800 pounds (360 kg)


      Uses


      Accounting
      Household inventory
      Calendar
      Manage all digital clocks through the house
      Real-time clock with delay of 1 second
      Air conditioning management
      TV and television antenna management; on school nights children were required to answer questions if they wanted to watch television
      Meteorological program for reading and storing data from a meteorological station that was connected to ECHO IV and weather forecast


      References




      Bibliography


      Cortesi, Dave (Sep 2015). "The First Home Computer" (PDF). Volunteer Information Exchange. 5 (8): 2–3.
      Infield, Glenn (April 1968). "Science and inventions: A Computer in the Basement?". Popular Mechanics. 129 (4): 77–79, 209, 229.
      Tomayko, James E., ed. (1994). "Anecdotes: Electronic Computer for Home Operation (ECHO): The First Home Computer". IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. 16 (3): 59–61. doi:10.1109/mahc.1994.10011. ISSN 1058-6180.


      External links


      ECHO IV photos with description: "ECHO IV article - David & Marian Cortesi". cortesi.smugmug.com.
      Spicer, Dag (31 May 2016). "The ECHO IV Home Computer: 50 Years Later | @CHM Blog | Computer History Museum". www.computerhistory.org.
      Computer History Museum (January 13, 2015), Living with ECHO-IV (video) (published 21 Feb 2018), Timecodes: 0:00 - What was "Advanced Technology" in 1965?, 13:55 - Was ECHO IV a Real Computer?, 23:46 - What Tasks did ECHO IV Perform?, 47:23 - Magazine and Newspaper Articles, 48:27 - Where is ECHO IV Now?, retrieved 2019-02-09
      "Amateur Construction of Computers: Building your own computer - Part 2: Completed Computers". Computers and Automation (1): 20–21. Jan 1972.

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