• Source: Epiactis

Epiactis is a genus of sea anemones in the family Actiniidae. There are about nineteen recognised species and the type species is Epiactis prolifera.




Taxonomy


A revision in 1989 determined that the genus Cnidopus was a synonym of Epiactis. At this time, two new species, E. lisbethae and E. fernaldi were described and E. ritteri was restored to the genus in which it was originally placed. Four species of Epiactis are known from the Pacific coast of North America, the external brooders E. prolifera and E. lisbethae which differ in sexuality and brooding periodicity, and the internal brooders E. ritteri and E. fernaldi, which differ in their cnidocyte armoury, sexuality and histology.




= Species

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Twenty species of Epiactis have been recognized in the World Register of Marine Species:

Epiactis adeliana Carlgren & Stephenson, 1929
Epiactis arctica (Verrill, 1868)
Epiactis australiensis Carlgren, 1950
Epiactis brucei Carlgren, 1939
Epiactis fernaldi Fautin & Chia, 1986
Epiactis georgiana Carlgren, 1927
Epiactis handi Larson & Daly, 2015
Epiactis incerta Carlgren, 1921
Epiactis irregularis Carlgren, 1951
Epiactis japonica Verrill, 1869
Epiactis lewisi Carlgren, 1940
Epiactis lisbethae Fautin & Chia, 1986
Epiactis marsupialis Carlgren, 1901
Epiactis neozealandica Stephenson, 1918
Epiactis nordmanni Carlgren, 1921
Epiactis novozealandica Stephenson, 1918
Epiactis prolifera Verrill, 1869
Epiactis ritteri Torrey, 1902
Epiactis thompsoni (Coughtrey, 1875)
Epiactis vincentina Carlgren, 1939




Description


These sea anemones have a substantial base and a smooth column. The margin and fosse are distinct and the sphincter well developed. The tentacles that surround the oral disc are short and unbranched and not narrower at the base. The longitudinal muscles of the tentacles and the radial muscles of the oral disc are usually ectodermal. The mesenteries in the gastroventicular cavity are arranged hexagonally and are greater in number at the base than at the margin. Twelve or more pairs of mesenteries are perfect and the gonads develop on these. The retractors are often very strong and are diffuse or restricted. The cnidocytes include spirocysts, basitriches and microbasic p-mastigophors. Juveniles develop in brood pouches or attached to the column.




References

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Anthozoa
• Epiactis
• Epiactis prolifera
• Epiactis thompsoni
• Epiactis ritteri
• Epiactis lisbethae
• Sea anemone
• Epiactis fernaldi
• Broodiness
• Cribrinopsis fernaldi
• Caprellidae