• Source: Executive Order 13988

Executive Order 13988, officially titled Preventing and Combating Discrimination on the Basis of Gender Identity or Sexual Orientation, is the fourth executive order signed by U.S. President Joe Biden on January 20, 2021.




Provisions


The order directs all federal agencies to review all policies which implement the non-discrimination protections on the basis of sex ordered by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (pursuant to the Supreme Court case Bostock v. Clayton County), Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, the Fair Housing Act and section 412 of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 and to extend these protections to the categories of sexual orientation and gender identity. Extending beyond the scope of President Barack Obama's Executive Order 13672 of 2014, which protected against discrimination on the basis of gender identity in the civilian federal workforce as well as sexual orientation and gender identity discrimination by federal contractors, as well as President Bill Clinton's Executive Order 13087, which protected against discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation in the civilian federal workforce.




Effects






Reactions






= Support

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The Human Rights Campaign hailed Biden's order as "most substantive, wide-ranging executive order concerning sexual orientation and gender identity ever issued by a United States president".




= Opposition

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In opposition, Republican Senator Roger Marshall stated the executive order "shows no common sense and will bring about the destruction of women's sports". Former Ambassador to the United Nations Nikki Haley denounced Biden's order, calling it "an attack on women's rights".
Lauren Adams, legal director for the Women's Liberation Front said "both executive orders send a heartbreaking message to women and girls that their government does not view them as worthy of consideration and is not willing to recognize female people as a discrete class."




See also


List of executive actions by Joe Biden
LGBT rights in the United States
Bostock v. Clayton County
Equality Act, proposed legislation to formalize these and related changes into federal law




References






External links


US Presidential Actions
Federal Register

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Executive Order 13988
• Bostock v. Clayton County
• List of executive actions by Joe Biden
• United States v. Skrmetti
• Nikki Haley
• LGBTQ rights in Minnesota
• LGBTQ rights in Tennessee
• LGBTQ history in the United States
• Social policy of the Joe Biden administration
• Martina Navratilova