• Source: Extension neglect

Extension neglect is a type of cognitive bias which occurs when the sample size is ignored when its determination is relevant. For instance, when reading an article about a scientific study, extension neglect occurs when the reader ignores the number of people involved in the study (sample size) but still makes inferences about a population based on the sample. In reality, if the sample size is too small, the results might risk errors in statistical hypothesis testing. A study based on only a few people may draw invalid conclusions because only one person has exceptionally high or low scores (outlier), and there are not enough people there to correct this via averaging out. But often, the sample size is not prominently displayed in science articles, and the reader in this case might still believe the article's conclusion due to extension neglect.
Extension neglect is described as being caused by judgment by prototype, of which the representativeness heuristic is a special case.
Forms of extension neglect include:

base rate neglect
insensitivity to sample size
scope neglect
duration neglect
the peak–end rule
the conjunction fallacy
the less-is-better effect
The extension effect is "neither universal nor absolute". If attention is drawn to set size in an easily interpretable way, an additive extension effect is reported, according to which the valuation of a set is a function of the valuation of a prototypical member of the set added to set size, rather than multiplied.




See also


Cognitive bias mitigation
Cognitive psychology
Evolutionary psychology
List of cognitive biases




Footnotes






= Notes

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= References

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= Bibliography

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Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Teori kuman penyakit
• Extension neglect
• List of cognitive biases
• Base rate fallacy
• Hemispatial neglect
• Scope neglect
• Duration neglect
• Peak–end rule
• Insensitivity to sample size
• Conjunction fallacy
• Representativeness heuristic