• Source: Facing the Flag

Facing the Flag or For the Flag (French: Face au drapeau) is an 1896 patriotic novel by Jules Verne. The book is part of the Voyages extraordinaires series.
Like The Begum's Millions, which Verne published in 1879, it has the theme of France and the entire world threatened by a super-weapon with the threat finally overcome through the force of French patriotism.




Plot


Thomas Roch, a brilliant French inventor, has designed the Fulgurator, a weapon so powerful that "the state which acquired it would become absolute master of earth and ocean." Unable to sell his unproven idea, Roch becomes bitter, megalomaniacal, and paranoid. The United States Government reacts by tucking him away at a luxurious asylum in New Bern, North Carolina, where he is visited by Ker Karraje, a notorious pirate of Malagasy origin.
Karraje and his men kidnap Roch and his attendant Gaydon from the asylum and bring him to their hide-out, the island of Back Cup in Bermuda. Here a wide cavern, accessible only by submerged submarine, has been made into a well-equipped pirate base. It is revealed that Gaydon is actually Simon Hart, a French engineer and explosives expert sent to spy on Roch and gain his confidence. Roch begins constructing his fearsome weapon, happily unaware that he is nothing but a glorified prisoner in the pirate's hands.
Hart succeeds in secretly sending out a message in a metal keg, giving the full details of Karraje's operations and his impending acquisition of the Fulgurator. The message gets through to the British authorities at their nearby naval base in Bermuda, and they send a submarine, HMS Sword, to find Hart. The submarine's crew makes contact with Hart, and take him and Roch on board, but the Sword is discovered, attacked, and sunk by the pirates. The unconscious Hart and Roch are extracted from the sunken British sub by pirate divers, leaving the entire British crew to perish. Hart manages to avoid suspicions of his actions.
Meanwhile, Roch's weapon is completed and becomes operational. Roch has no compunction in using it on British or American ships, and easily destroys the first cruiser to approach the island, with only a handful of its crew surviving. Next, a ship arrives from France, but Roch refuses to fire on his own country's ship. He struggles with the pirates, who try to seize the Fulgurator. During the struggle, Roch blows up himself, his weapon, and the pirates, along with the entire island. The single survivor of the cataclysm is Simon Hart, whose unconscious body with the diary at his side is found by the landing French sailors. Hart is eventually revived, to be amply rewarded for his dedication to his country.




Response


Following publication of the book, Verne was sued by the chemist Eugène Turpin, inventor of the explosive Melinite, who recognized himself in the character of Roch and was not amused. Turpin had tried to sell his invention to the French government, which in 1885 refused it, though later purchasing it (it was extensively used in the First World War); but Turpin had never gone mad, nor did he ever offer his invention to any but the Government of France, so he had some justified grievance. Verne was successfully defended by Raymond Poincaré, later president of France. A letter to Verne's brother Paul seems to suggest, however, that after all Turpin was indeed the model for Roch. The character of Roch and his revolutionary powerful explosive might also have been inspired by the real-life Alfred Nobel who invented dynamite and later reportedly regretted having introduced such a destructive force into the world.




Politics


The book was written and published when France was in the throes of the Dreyfus Affair, Frenchmen were deeply divided over whether or not the Jewish officer Alfred Dreyfus was guilty of treason and espionage on behalf of the hated Germany (and over more fundamental issues bound up with the Dreyfus case). The question whether or not Verne was an anti-semite is hotly debated; while Walter A. McDougall finds "no overt evidence of anti-Semitism on Verne's part," Brian Taves and Jean-Michel Margot note that his Off on a Comet contains "unflattering Shylock-style stereotypes." In 1899 Verne came to support a judicial review of the Dreyfus case.




Legacy


Film historian Thomas C. Renzi considers Roch the archetype of the "mad scientist," the thriller fiction stock character of a monomaniac whose warped genius endangers the world. If so, much of 20th-century thriller fiction, including such films as Thunderball and Barbarella, may be considered direct descendants of Facing the Flag.
In 1958, Czech director Karel Zeman used the novel as the basis for his 1958 film Vynález zkázy (a.k.a. The Deadly Invention and The Fabulous World of Jules Verne). The film, which made considerable use of the steel engravings in the original editions of Verne's novels, won the Grand Prix at the International Film Festival at Expo 58 in Brussels.
In 2012 French comics artist Goux adapted the novel into a comic book, Le Fulgurateur Roch.
Though in concrete details Roch's Fulgurateur bears no resemblance to nuclear arms, Verne's theme of a super-weapon whose possession could give world domination and which may destroy the world can be said to anticipate the post-1945 world.




References






External links



Works related to Facing the Flag at Wikisource
Facing the Flag at Standard Ebooks

Facing the Flag at Project Gutenberg
Original French text Archived 2009-01-07 at the Wayback Machine
For the Flag English text version with full page cover and page images from the Baldwin Library of Historical Children's Literature and the University of Florida Digital Collections
Facing the Flag public domain audiobook at LibriVox

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• From the Earth to the Moon
• The Adventures of Three Englishmen and Three Russians in South Africa
• Kesengsaraan Seorang Tionghoa di Tiongkok
• The Pirate Bay
• Kota New York
• Inggris
• Harry, Adipati Sussex
• Bendera Islam
• Mamalia
• California
• Facing the Flag
• Flag of Ireland
• Flag of India
• Flag of Singapore
• List of national flags of sovereign states
• Flag of Nazi Germany
• Flag of Norway
• Jolly Roger
• Pledge of Allegiance
• Flag of the United States