• Source: Fiat G.12

The Fiat G.12 was an Italian transport aircraft of World War II.




Design and development


The G.12 was an all-metal low-wing cantilever personnel transport aircraft. It had three radial engines, one mounted on the nose and the other two in wing-mounted nacelles. The engines drove three-blade feathering metal propellers. The mainwheels of its landing gear retracted into the nacelles; the tailwheel was fixed. The flight deck and cabin were fully enclosed. Access was via a portside access door aft of the wing.
The G.12 was designed as a civil aircraft, but served mainly in military roles during the war. Only a limited number were built, some as late as 1944, after the Italian armistice. The G.12 inspired the postwar G.212 "Flying Classroom", the last Italian three-engine transporter. It had a crew of four.




Variants


G.12C
14-passenger transport aircraft, powered by three 574 kW (770 hp) Fiat A.74 R.C.42 radial engines.
G.12 Gondar
Long-range cargo transport aircraft.
G.12GA
Long-range transport aircraft, fitted with extra fuel tanks. Three built.
G.12RT
Special long-range version, built to fly between Rome and Tokyo. One built.
G.12RTbis
One built.
G.12T
Troop and cargo transport aircraft.
G.12CA
18-passenger commercial airliner, powered by three Alfa Romeo 128 radial engines.
G.12L
22-passenger commercial airliner.
G.12LA
22-passenger commercial airliner, powered by three Alfa Romeo 128 radial engines.
G.12LB
22-passenger commercial airliner, powered by three 604 kW (810 hp) Bristol Pegasus 48 radial engines.
G.12LP
22-passenger commercial airliner, powered by three 793 kW (1,065 hp) Pratt & Whitney R-1830-S1C3-G Twin Wasp radial engines.




Operators






= Military operators

=
Germany
Luftwaffe
Hungary
Royal Hungarian Air Force operated 12 aircraft
Kingdom of Italy
Regia Aeronautica
Italy
Italian Air Force operated some aircraft until 1956




= Civil operators

=
Kingdom of Italy
Avio Linee Italiane
Italy
Ali Flotti Riunite
Alitalia-Linee Aeree Italiane




Specifications


Data from World Encyclopedia of Military Aircraft General characteristics
Crew: 4
Capacity: 14 troops or 24 civilians
Length: 20.1 m (65 ft 11 in)
Wingspan: 28.6 m (93 ft 10 in)
Height: 4.9 m (16 ft 1 in)
Wing area: 113 m2 (1,220 sq ft)
Empty weight: 9,420 kg (20,768 lb)
Gross weight: 15,000 kg (33,069 lb)
Powerplant: 3 × Fiat A.74 R.C.42 14-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engines, 574 kW (770 hp) each
Propellers: 3-bladed constant-speed propellers
Performance

Maximum speed: 390 km/h (240 mph, 210 kn) at 5,000 m (16,000 ft)
Cruise speed: 303 km/h (188 mph, 164 kn)
Range: 2,300 km (1,400 mi, 1,200 nmi)
Service ceiling: 8,500 m (27,900 ft)
Armament

Guns: 2 × 7.7 mm (.303 in) Breda-SAFAT machine guns




See also



Related development

Fiat G.212
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Junkers Ju 52
Douglas DC-3
SM.79 Sparviero
Savoia-Marchetti SM.81

Related lists

List of aircraft of World War II




References






Bibliography


Angelucci, Enzo The World Encyclopedia of Military Aircraft. London:Jane's Publishing, 1981. ISBN 0-7106-0148-4.
Angelucci, Enzo The World Encyclopedia of Military Aircraft, London, 1987.
de Marchi, Italo (Oct 1982). "Les Fiat G. 12: 1re période: avant et pendant la guerre" [Fiat G. 12: The 1st Period before and during the War]. Le Fana de l'Aviation (in French) (155): 50–59. ISSN 0757-4169.
Stroud, John. European Transport Aircraft since 1910. London: Putnam, 1966.
Stroud, John. "Post War Propliners : Fiat G.12 and G.212". Aeroplane Monthly. Volume 23 No. 1, January 1994. London: IPC. Page 64-68.




External links



picture of Fiat G.12

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