• Source: Fort Supply, Oklahoma

      • Fort Supply is a town in Woodward County, Oklahoma, United States, 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) northwest of the city of Woodward, the county seat. The population was 330 at the 2010 census.


      History


      The United States Army post of Fort Supply was established in 1868 as a "Camp of Supply" for the winter campaign that General Philip Sheridan led against the Southern Plains Indians.
      People established the town of Fitzgerald three miles west-southwest of the site of the former Fort Supply in 1902, but this town quickly failed.
      Rancher H. H. Halsell sold the land one mile west of Fort Supply to territorial legislator James P. Gandy. Gandy hired surveyors to plat the land for a town site and founded the town of Supply in 1903. He moved most of the original buildings of Supply from the recently failed town of Fitzgerald. The Government established the first post office for the town of Supply on May 12, 1903. In the early years, area farmers and ranchers centered their economic trade around the town.
      In 1908, the State of Oklahoma transformed Fort Supply, the derelict army post, into Western Oklahoma State Hospital, also known as Western State Hospital or Fort Supply State Hospital, the first state-operated mental institution of Oklahoma.
      The Flood Control Act of 1936 provided for construction of a dam and reservoir one mile southeast of the town in the valley of Wolf Creek. Work began on the largest earthen dam in the United States of America in October 1938 and Fort Supply Lake was completed in May 1942. The United States Army Corps of Engineers administers Fort Supply Lake and the adjacent wildlife and recreation area.
      On May 1, 1943, the people changed the name of the post office and town of Supply to Fort Supply.
      On December 6, 1988, the State of Oklahoma located a new prison, William S. Key Correctional Center, on the grounds of nearby former Fort Supply. Western State Psychiatric Center also has operations on the grounds. Agriculture and employment at these state institutions form the economic base of the community of Fort Supply.


      Geography


      According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.2 square miles (0.52 km2), all land.
      Fort Supply Reservoir is directly south; the Hal & Fern Cooper Wildlife Management Area, covering 16,080 acres and administered by the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, is to the east.


      = Climate

      =


      Demographics



      As of the census of 2000, there were 328 people, 136 households, and 98 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,458.4 inhabitants per square mile (563.1/km2). There were 171 housing units at an average density of 760.3 per square mile (293.6/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 95.73% White, 0.30% African American, 1.83% Native American, 0.61% from other races, and 1.52% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.91% of the population.
      There were 136 households, out of which 25.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.8% were married couples living together, 7.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.9% were non-families. 27.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 2.91.
      In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.4% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 23.5% from 25 to 44, 27.4% from 45 to 64, and 17.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.5 males.
      The median income for a household in the town was $30,893, and the median income for a family was $37,500. Males had a median income of $28,333 versus $20,833 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,836. About 5.8% of families and 6.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.4% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.


      Historic sites


      The nearby Cooper Bison Kill Site is on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Harper County, Oklahoma.
      The Fort Supply Historic District is on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Woodward County, Oklahoma.


      References




      External links


      Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture - Fort Supply (town) Archived July 19, 2010, at the Wayback Machine

    • Source: Fort Supply (Oklahoma)

      • Fort Supply (originally Camp Supply) was a United States Army post established on November 18, 1868, in Indian Territory to protect the Southern Plains. It was located just east of present-day Fort Supply, Oklahoma, in what was then the Cherokee Outlet.


      History


      Fort Supply was originally established as "Camp of Supply" on November 18, 1868 in support of General Philip Sheridan's winter campaign against the Southern Plains Indians. It was from Camp Supply that George Armstrong Custer led the Seventh United States Cavalry south to the banks of the Washita River to destroy the village of the Cheyenne Indian chief Black Kettle in what became known as the Battle of the Washita. Later, the camp served to protect the Cheyenne and Arapaho reservations, under the Darlington Agency, from incursions by whites. Camp Supply was renamed Fort Supply in 1878 following its role in the Red River War of 1874-1875.
      By 1880 the Indian Wars on the Southern Plains were nearly over and the fort was in bad repair. Army officers in the Department of Missouri recommended its abandonment. Philip Sheridan, by then General of the Army, objected and worked to establish the Fort Supply Military Reservation giving permanence to the fort and an accompanying reserve of 36 square miles.
      Fort Supply was officially closed September 1894 following the opening of the Cherokee Outlet to settlement. One of the last missions troops from Fort Supply performed was bringing to end the violence of the Enid-Pond Creek Railroad War during the summer of 1894. Troops from Fort Reno and U.S. Marshal E.D. Dix and his deputies had been unable to quell the wrecking of trains, destruction of tracks, and demolition of trestles by residents from both communities. On February 26, 1895, the last remaining troops turned over operation of the old fort to the Department of the Interior.
      In 1908 Oklahoma's first insane asylum was established at the old post and which is now called the Western State Psychiatric Center. In 1988, the state legislature designated the remaining buildings at the old fort as the Fort Supply Historic District. Shortly afterwards the William S. Key Correctional Center was opened at the site.
      The Fort Supply Historic District was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971 (#71000675).


      Fort Supply Historic Site


      The Oklahoma Historical Society operates a visitor center and is restoring five of the original structures. The visitor center features exhibits about the history of Fort Supply and northwest Oklahoma. The buildings that are being preserved and restored to their original appearance are the 1874 Ordnance Sergeant's Quarters and 1882 Civilian Employee Quarters, which are picket-style log buildings, the frame-style 1878 Commanding Officer's Quarters and duplex 1882 Officers' Quarters, and the brick 1892 Guard House. The Guard House features exhibits of artifacts and photographs.
      The site also features replicas of the 1869 stockade, an army supply wagon, a mountain howitzer, and a Cheyenne tipi.


      Footnotes




      Bibliography


      Carriker, Robert C. Fort Supply, Indian Territory: Frontier Outpost on the Plains. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1990. ISBN 0-8061-2243-9
      Kappler, Charles (Editor). "Appendix II; Miscellaneous letters and documents pertaining to Executive orders establishing Indian reserves; Indian Territory—Fort Supply Military Reserve Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine. Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1902. 1:1047 (accessed October 9, 2006).


      External links


      Media related to Fort Supply at Wikimedia Commons
      Fort Supply Historic Site on YouTube
      "Fort Supply Historic Site". Oklahoma Historical Society.
      Fort Supply on TravelOK.com - Official travel and tourism website for the State of Oklahoma
      Santa Fe Trail Research Site
      Rea, Bob (2009). "Fort Supply (fort)". Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture (online ed.). Oklahoma Historical Society.
      Oklahoma Digital Maps: Digital Collections of Oklahoma and Indian Territory

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