• Source: Fourth Army (Ottoman Empire)

      • The Fourth Army of the Ottoman Empire (Turkish: Dördüncü Ordu) was one of the field armies of the Ottoman Army. It was formed in the middle nineteenth century, during Ottoman military reforms.
      The army did not survive the WWI battles in Palestine and Syria.


      Formations




      = Order of Battle, 1877

      =
      In 1877, it was stationed in Anatolia. It was composed of:

      Infantry: Five line regiments and six rifle battalions
      Cavalry: Three line regiments
      Artillery: One line regiment (12 batteries)
      Engineer: One sapper company


      = Order of Battle, 1908

      =
      After the Young Turk Revolution and the establishment of the Second Constitutional Era on 3 July 1908, the new government initiated a major military reform. Army headquarters were modernized. The Fourth Army's new operational area was Caucasia and its many troops were scattered along the frontier to keep an eye on the Russian Empire. It commanded the following active divisions and other units:

      7th Infantry Division (Yedinci Fırka)
      8th Infantry Division (Sekicinci Fırka)
      19th Infantry Division (On Dokuzuncu Fırka)
      4th Artillery Division (Dördüncü Topçu Fırkası)
      Erzurum Fortress Artillery Regiment
      The Fourth Army also had inspectorate functions for four Redif (reserve) divisions:

      13th Erzincan Reserve Infantry Division (On Üçüncü Erzincan Redif Fırkası)
      14th Trabzon Reserve Infantry Division (On Dördüncü Trabzon Redif Fırkası)
      15th Diyarbekir Reserve Infantry Division (On Beşinci Diyarbekir Redif Fırkası)
      16th Sivas Reserve Infantry Division (On Altıncı Sivas Redif Fırkası)


      = Order of Battle, 1911

      =
      With further reorganizations of the Ottoman Army, to include the creation of corps level headquarters, by 1911 the Army's headquarters were Baghdad. Before the First Balkan War in 1911, the Army was structured as:

      Army Headquarters, Baghdad
      XII Corps, Musul
      35th Infantry Division, Musul
      36th Infantry Division, Kerkük
      XIII Corps, Baghdad
      37th Infantry Division, Baghdad
      38th Infantry Division, Basra


      World War I




      = Order of Battle, November 1914

      =
      In November 1914, the army was structured as:

      Fourth Army (Syria)
      VIII Corps
      23rd Division
      25th Division
      27th Division
      XII Corps
      35th Division
      36th Division


      = Order of Battle, Late April 1915

      =
      In April 1915, the army was structured as:

      Fourth Army (Syria)
      VIII Corps
      8th Division
      10th Division
      23rd Division
      25th Division
      27th Division
      XII Corps
      35th Division
      36th Division


      = Order of Battle, Late Summer 1915, January 1916

      =
      In late Summer 1915, January 1916, the army was structured as:

      Fourth Army (Syria-Palestine)
      VIII Corps
      23rd Division
      24th Division
      27th Division
      XII Corps
      41st Division
      42nd Division
      46th Division


      = Order of Battle, August, December 1916

      =

      Between August and December 1916, the army was structured as:

      Fourth Army (Syria-Palestine)
      VIII Corps
      3rd Division
      23rd Division
      24th Division
      27th Division
      XII Corps
      41st Division
      42nd Division
      43rd Division
      46th Division


      = Order of Battle, August 1917

      =
      In August 1917, the army was structured as:

      Fourth Army (Syria-Palestine)
      3rd Cavalry Division
      VIII Corps
      48th Division
      XII Corps
      23rd Division
      44th Division
      XV Corps
      43rd Division
      XX Corps
      16th Division
      54th Division
      XXII Corps
      3rd Division
      7th Division
      53rd Division
      On 26 September the Fourth Army headquarters moved to Damascus, dividing its area of responsibility in half, leaving Cemal Pasha answerable for Syria and western Arabia.


      = Order of Battle, January, June 1918

      =
      Between January and June 1918, the army was structured as follows:

      Fourth Army (commanded by Jemal) (Syria-West Arabia)
      VIII Corps (commanded by Ali Fuad Bey)
      43rd Division
      48th Division
      XII Corps
      23rd Division
      41st Division
      44th Division
      Hejaz Corps
      58th Division
      Provisional Infantry Divisions x 3


      = Order of Battle, September 1918

      =
      In September 1918, the army was structured as:

      Fourth Army (Mirliva Mersinli Cemal Pasha)
      II Corps (Miralay Galatalı Şevket Bey)
      62nd Division
      Provisional Divisions x 3
      Jordan Group
      24th Division
      3rd Cavalry Division
      VIII Corps (Miralay Yasin Hilmi Bey)
      48th Division
      Umman Provisional Division


      Sources




      References


      Erickson, Edward J. (2001). Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War. Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-31516-7.
      Erickson, Edward J. (2003). Defeat in Detail: The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913. Westport, CT: Praeger.
      Falls, Cyril (1930). Military Operations Egypt & Palestine from June 1917 to the End of the War. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. 2 Part II. A. F. Becke (maps). London: HM Stationery Office.

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