• Source: Freedman v. Maryland

      • Freedman v. Maryland, 380 U.S. 51 (1965), was a United States Supreme Court case that ended government-operated rating boards with a decision that a rating board could only approve a film and had no power to ban a film. The ruling also concluded that a rating board must either approve a film within a reasonable time, or go to court to stop a film from being shown in theatres. Other court cases determined that television stations are federally licensed, so local rating boards have no jurisdiction over films shown on television. When the movie industry set up its own rating system—the Motion Picture Association of America—most state and local boards ceased operating.


      Background


      Ronald Freedman challenged the law of Maryland that films must be submitted to the Maryland State Board of Censors before being shown in theaters, claiming it unconstitutional; violating freedom of expression granted by the First Amendment.


      Opinion of the Court


      In a unanimous opinion by Justice Brennan, the Court held that a rating board could only approve a film and had no power to ban a film.


      See also



      Film censorship in the United States
      Production Code
      Joseph Burstyn, Inc v. Wilson


      References




      Further reading


      Gregory, Donald Dean (1976). Compliance in Three Cities: The Impact of Freedman v. Maryland. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University. OCLC 11095076.
      Hunt, Richard C. (1966). "Constitutional Law: Applicability of Freedman v. Maryland Standards to Censorship Practices of United States Customs Officials". California Law Review. 54 (4): 1832–1843. doi:10.2307/3479402. JSTOR 3479402.
      Verani, John R. (1965). "Motion Picture Censorship and the Doctrine of Prior Restraint". Houston Law Review. 3: 11.


      External links


      Text of Freedman v. Maryland, 380 U.S. 51 (1965) is available from: Google Scholar Justia Library of Congress Oyez (oral argument audio)

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