• Source: Freedom of assembly

      • Freedom of peaceful assembly, sometimes used interchangeably with the freedom of association, is the individual right or ability of people to come together and collectively express, promote, pursue, and defend their collective or shared ideas. The right to freedom of association is recognized as a human right, a political right and a civil liberty.
      The terms freedom of assembly and freedom of association may be used to distinguish between the freedom to assemble in public places and the freedom to join an association. Freedom of assembly is often used in the context of the right to protest, while freedom of association is used in the context of labor rights. The Constitution of the United States is interpreted to mean both the freedom to assemble and the freedom to join an association.


      Human rights instruments


      Freedom of assembly is included in, among others, the following human rights instruments:

      Universal Declaration of Human Rights – Article 20
      International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights – Article 21
      European Convention on Human Rights – Article 11
      American Convention on Human Rights – Article 15
      National and regional constitutions that recognize freedom of assembly include:

      Bangladesh – Articles 37 and 38 of the Constitution of Bangladesh guarantee the freedom of association and assembly.
      Brazil – Article 5 of the Constitution of Brazil
      Canada – S. 2 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms which forms part of the Constitution Act, 1982
      France – Article 431-1 of the Nouveau Code Pénal
      Germany – Article 8 GG (Grundgesetz, Basic Law)
      Hungary – Article VIII (1) of the Fundamental Law
      India – Article 19 of the Constitution of India
      Indonesia – Article 28E(3) of the Constitution of Indonesia
      Ireland – Article 40.6.1° of the Constitution, as enumerated under the heading "Fundamental Rights"
      Italy – Article 17 of the Constitution
      Japan – Article 21 of the Constitution of Japan
      Macau Basic Law - Article 27
      Malaysia – Article 10 of the Constitution of Malaysia
      Mexico – Article 9 of the Constitution of Mexico
      Netherlands - Articles 8 and 9 of the Constitution of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
      New Zealand – Section 16 New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990
      Norway – Section 101 of the Constitution of Norway
      Pakistan - Article 16 of the Constitution of Pakistan, 1973
      Philippines – Article III, Section 4 of the Constitution of the Philippines
      Poland – Article 57 of the Constitution of Poland
      Russia – Articles 30 and 31 of the Constitution of Russia guarantee the freedom of association and peaceful assembly.
      South Africa Bill of Rights – Article 17
      Spain – Article 21 of the Spanish Constitution of 1978
      Sweden – Chapter 2 of The Instrument of Government
      Taiwan (Republic of China) – Article 14 guarantees freedom of assembly and association.
      Turkey – Articles 33 and 34 of the Constitution of Turkey guarantee the freedom of association and assembly.
      UAE – Article 33 of the Constitution of the UAE
      United States – First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States
      Venezuela – Article 68 of the Constitution of Venezuela


      See also



      Free speech zone
      Right to protest
      Strategy-31
      Unlawful assembly
      United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Rights to Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and of Association


      References




      External links



      Guidelines on Freedom of Peaceful Assembly OSCE/ODIHR, 2007
      Guidelines on Freedom of Peaceful Assembly (2nd edition) Venice Commission and OSCE/ODIHR, 2010

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