• Source: Friedrich Graf von der Schulenburg

      • Friedrich Bernhard Karl Gustav Ulrich Erich Graf von der Schulenburg (21 November 1865 - 19 May 1939) was a Prussian General during World War I and a member of the Nazi Party during the inter-war period.


      Life


      Friedrich Graf von der Schulenburg was born on 21 November 1865 as the second son of Count Werner von der Schulenburg (1832-1880) and his wife, Countess Marie Cäcilie von Maltzahn (1843-1900). Schulenburg entered the army in 1888 as part of the 2nd Guards Uhlans. On 13 December 1888, Schulenburg was appointed Second Lieutenant. In 1890, Schulenburg was attached to the Life Guards. He spent time in the Prussian Staff College. In 1895, Schulenburg became Premier Lieutenant. In 1900, Schulenburg joined the German General Staff. He was considered a capable general staff officer. In 1900, Schulenburg became Hauptmann. From 1902 to 1906 he was part of the military attaches in London. In 1907, Schulenburg was promoted to Major. On 18 February 1913, Schulenburg became the commander of the Life Guards and Aide-de-camp of Wilhelm II. On 2 September 1913, Schulenburg was promoted to Oberstlieutenant.
      At the outbreak of World War I, Schulenburg became the Chief of Staff of the Guards Corps commanded by Karl von Plettenberg. Schulenburg participated on the Western Front as part of the Guard Corps, which is part of the 2nd Army. In 1915, Schulenburg became Oberst. In 1916, Schulenburg became the Chief of Staff of the 5th Army replacing Konstantin Schmidt von Knobelsdorf, who held extremist political views. For a while, Schulenburg was the Chief of Staff of the 6th Army of Ludwig von Falkenhausen. In October 1916, he joined Crown Prince Wilhelm as Chief of Staff at the headquarters of the Army Group German Crown Prince. The two developed Operation Alberich which gave Germany some hope of winning the war. On 12 April 1917, Schulenburg received the Pour le Mérite. He added oak leaves on 23 March 1918. In June 1918, Schulenburg became General Major. Schulenburg advised Wilhelm II to abdicate his title of German Emperor but keep the title of King of Prussia. He also advised Wilhelm II to order the army to fight against the revolutionary forces.
      After the war, Schulenburg retired from the army in May 1919. He lived in his estate, Mecklenburg. Schulenburg later joined the Nazi Party. From 1924 to 1928, he was a member of the Reichstag. He still remained friendly with Wilhelm, German Crown Prince and had some profound political conversation. In December 1931, Schulenburg joined the Nazi Party. His number was 852,947. In 1933, Schulenburg joined Sturmabteilung. After the Weimar Republic fell, Schulenburg was a member of Reichstag again. Since he had a good relationship with Kurt von Schleicher, he advised Hitler as liaison to the Reichswehr but he was not effective. From 1934 to 1936, Schulenburg was part of the Sturmabteilung as a staff officer. He also served as a member of the Reichstag from 1934 until his death. Before his death, Schulenburg was promoted to Obergruppenführer. He died on 19 May 1939. Adolf Hitler attended his funeral to meet with Fritz-Dietlof von der Schulenburg, Schulenburg's son, who later joined the resistance.


      Family


      On 21 July 1897, Schulenburg married Freda-Marie Gräfin von Arnim (1873-1939). They had 6 children:

      Johann Albrecht (1898–1944)
      Wolf-Werner (1899–1944), SA-Brigadeführer
      Adolf-Heinrich (1901-1940) SA-Obersturmführer
      Fritz-Dietlof (1902-1944)
      Elisabeth (1903–2001)
      Wilhelm (1904–1936)


      Awards and decorations


      Kingdom of Prussia: Order Pour le Mérite with Oakleaves
      Pour le Mérite (24 July 1917)
      Oakleaves (23 March 1918)
      Kingdom of Prussia: Order of the Red Eagle
      2nd Class with Swords, Oakleaves and the Royal Crown (gazetted on 5 October 1918)
      4th Class with the Royal Crown
      Kingdom of Prussia: Order of the Crown, 3rd Class
      Kingdom of Prussia: Royal House Order of Hohenzollern
      Knight's Cross with Swords (5 June 1915)
      Commander's Cross with Swords (gazetted on 12 January 1918)
      Kingdom of Prussia: Order of Saint John, Knight of Justice (Rechtsritter)
      Kingdom of Prussia: Iron Cross (1914) 1st and 2nd Class
      Kingdom of Prussia: Service Decoration Cross for 25 Years' Service
      Kingdom of Prussia: Centenary Medal
      Hohenzollern Principalities: Princely House Order of Hohenzollern, Honor Cross 2nd Class with Swords (9 October 1914)
      Grand Duchy of Baden: Order of the Zähringer Lion, Commander's Cross 2nd Class with Swords (10 January 1918)
      Kingdom of Bavaria: Military Merit Order, 3rd Class with Crown and Swords (30 October 1914)
      Kingdom of Bavaria: Military Merit Order, 3rd Class
      Duchy of Brunswick: Order of Henry the Lion, Knight's Cross 2nd Class
      Principality of Lippe: War Merit Cross
      Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin: House Order of the Wendish Crown, Knight's Cross
      Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin: Order of the Griffon, Knight's Cross
      Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin: Military Merit Cross, 1st and 2nd Class
      Grand Duchy of Oldenburg: House and Merit Order of Peter Frederick Louis, Honor Knight's Cross 2nd Class with the Silver Crown
      Kingdom of Saxony: Albert Order, Knight's Cross 1st Class
      Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach: Order of the White Falcon, Knight's Cross 2nd Class
      Saxon Duchies: Ducal Saxe-Ernestine House Order, Commander's Cross 1st Class
      Austria-Hungary: Military Merit Cross, 3rd Class with War Decoration
      Kingdom of Belgium: Order of Leopold II, Commander
      Kingdom of Denmark: Order of the Dannebrog, Knight
      Republic of France: Legion of Honor, Officer
      Kingdom of Greece: Order of the Redeemer, Commander
      United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland: Royal Victorian Order, Commander
      Kingdom of Italy: Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus, Officer
      Kingdom of Romania: Order of the Crown of Romania, Knight
      Kingdom of Sweden: Order of the Sword, Knight
      Kingdom of Thailand: Order of the White Elephant, Officer
      Nazi Germany: Golden Party Badge of the NSDAP (1 April 1938)


      Notes




      References

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