• Source: Greater Poland dialect group

Greater Poland dialect group (Polish: dialekt wielkopolski) is a dialect group of the Polish language used in the Greater Poland. It is used in the area, on the south from the cities of Koło, Kalisz, Ostrów Wielkopolski, Rawicz, and Babimost, from the west from Międzychód and Krzyż Wielkopolski, and along the line of the rivers of Noteć and Warta.




List of dialects


Descended from the Western Slavic language spoken by the Polans, the dialects are:

Kociewie dialect
Bory Tucholskie dialect
Krajna dialect
Chełmno-Dobrzyń dialect
Kujawy dialect
Northern Greater Poland dialect
Western Greater Poland dialect
Central Greater Poland dialect
Eastern Greater Poland dialect
Southern Greater Poland dialect




Features of the region


Features that can be found in various intensities and distributions in the region include:

*telt > tlet: pleć, mleć, plewy
* tórt’ > trot: krowa
*ľ̥ > l̥ except *Pľ̥T́PK (after labials, before palatals/labials, and velars)
*Pľ̥T́PK > PilT́PK: wilk, milczeć or > łu after dentals: słup, długi, or oł after cz, ż, sz: mołwa, czółno, żółty, or eł after labials: chełm, chełpić się, wełna, pełny
*ŕ̥T > ‘ar: twardy, tarł, ziarno
voicing of coda stops and sibilants if the next word begins with a vowel or liquid
sporadic retention of bilabial v (v > w) słoje, prało, especially initially: łosk, łojna, łoda, reinforced by the labialization of initial o
-j- before palatals: niejsiejcie (niesiecie), ciojcia, na pojle, nojgi, tajkie
ḷ > ł > u̯: u̯ep, u̯za, pu̯uk
depalatalization of word final palatal labials
softening of n, t, d after i, y: drab́ińa, žyᶦ̯t́o, žyᶦ̯d́ek
phonemization of ḱ, ǵ from retaining them when they occursed before *y, ъ̥, e as well as denasalization of ę (kę/gę > ke/ge)
Tendency for assimilation and simplification:
velarization of n before k (phonemic?)
-ść, -śń > -ś: zleś, gryź, pleś, maś (maść)
weakening loss of -ł- at the end of an inlaut (śródgłos): gᵘ̭ova
strz, zdrz, trz, drz > szcz, żdż, cz, dż
rs, r-z > rz skarzyć się, dzierzawa, marznie, gospodarztwo, stolarzki
kk, szsz > k, sz leḱi, bliszy
the prepositions and prefixes w(-), z(-) > we, ze, especially if before a similar a syllable starting with a phoneme of a similar place of articulation
śrz, źrz > śr, źr or > śtrz, źdrz
traces of *jь > je, jeskra, jegliwie
placement of stress on the penultimate syllable
Preference for pochylone o, kłůtka
ir > er (serce, śmierć, piersi) or ér
Raising of y closer to i or diphthongization
i > y after sz, ż, cz, dż, c, dz, rz (which later diphthongized like y above)
diphthongization of u > uᵘ̭, ůᵘ̭, or ȯᵘ̭, and further > ů, ȯ, or ö
Fronting, flattening, and narrowing of á
before tautosyllabic j in the imperative: czekej
in some names? see Old Polish
Diphtongization of á> áu̯, ou̯, ȯu̯, áᵘ̭, ȯᵘ̭: tráu̯va, prȯu̯vda
é > y after hard and soft consonant: brzyg. Kujawy/Sieradz changed é > y after hard consonants, but > i after soft
e > o, á before tautosyllabic u̯ (ł): páu̯ne, ḱáu̯basa, kȯᵘ̭ḱou̯ka
diphthongization of o > u̯o (not just initially)
as a result of o > u̯o, u̯o > u̯oe̯ > ᵘ̭oe̯, ᵘ̭o̭e
diphthongization of ȯ > u̯ȯ or even u̯ȯy̯, ᵘ̯ȯʸ̯, ȯy̯, ᵘ̯ᵒ̇y̯ᵉ (e is above y̯), ᵘ̯ᵒ̯y̯ᵉ, and sometimes u̯y, uy̯ (and ultimately?) > u
Old Polish ą̆ (in a short syllable) > y̨ or į after a soft consonant in the east, along with denasalization of the vowel into an assimilated nasal consonant before a consonant, and sometimes total nasal loss before sibilants
Old Polish ą̄ (in a long syllable) > ų along with denasalization of the vowel into an assimilated nasal consonant before a consonant, and sometimes total nasal loss before sibilants
-iszcze > -isko
spread of the suffixes -aty, -ity
use of od(-) before vowels and semivowels (as opposed to ot(-))
Loss of mobile e in the endings -ek, -ec in some names
Spread of -yszek
use of z(-) before vowels and semivowels (as opposed to s(-))
Replacement of old locative plural -’ex > -ach (which was originally feminine)
Replacement of genitive singular ending for feminine nouns ending in a consonant -’e with -’i (z ziemi)
Levelling of the nominative and accusative singular neuter endings -ē and -ĕ by spreading -é, polé
Replacement of the neuter nominative/accusative numeral dwie with the masculine dwa, dwa okna, and in the north further replacement of the feminine dwie with dwa
Prefixed iść type verbs with an inserted -ń-, vyᶦ̯ńde, zańde, přeńde
Hardening of the first person singular and plural verb endings such as idemy, złapę by analogy of idę and archaic grzebę
Spread of hard labial in l-forms of melę/pelę via contamination of ḿel-, ṕel, and the l-forms mełł-, pełl-
spread of the first person plural verb ending -my (over -m) under influence of the pronoun my, or in the north of -ma via contamination of -my with -va
Spread of -ma in the first person plural imperative verb form via contamination with -m(y) and -va, nieśma, nieźma
constructions such as nosił(a) jeśḿ > nosiłeśḿ > nosiłem (after m), and potential voicing of the stem, zaniůzem, zaniůs
the first person plural past ending -im (nieślim, from nieśli (je)smъ) sometimes softened via analogy with -(je)ś, -(je)ście as well as flattening with the pronoun my, resulting in nieśliśmy, in some subdialects replace with -śma, -źma with contamination of nieśli(je)śḿ and niosła(je)sva. In the north forms such as nieślimy were formed as a result of phonetic reduction of the old aorist nieślichmy.
Rise of masculine personal nouns.




Citations






= References

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= Bibliography

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Stanisław Dubisz, Halina Karaś, Nijola Kolis: Dialekty i gwary polskie. 1st edition. Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna, 1995. ISBN 83-2140989-X.

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Greater Poland dialect group
• Eastern Greater Poland dialect
• Western Greater Poland dialect
• Central Greater Poland dialect
• Southern Greater Poland dialect
• Northern Greater Poland dialect
• Kuyavian dialect
• Dialects of Polish
• Kociewie dialect
• Chełmno–Dobrzyń dialect