• Source: Halichondria

Halichondria is a genus of sea sponges belonging to the family Halichondriidae.
These are massive, amorphous sponges with clearly separated inner and outer skeletons consisting of bundles of spicules arranged in a seemingly random pattern.
This genus of sponges became important through the discovery of cell division limiting properties of the extract Halichondrin B, which inhibits cell mitosis. The drug Eribulin, a related compound and an inhibitor of microtubule function, has become an important chemotherapy treatment for certain types of cancer.




Species


The following species are recognised in the genus Halichondria:

Subgenus Eumastia Schmidt, 1870
Halichondria attenuata (Topsent, 1915)
Halichondria maraensis Kim & Sim, 2009
Halichondria schmidti Dendy, 1895
Halichondria sitiens (Schmidt, 1870)
Subgenus Halichondria Fleming, 1828
Halichondria adelpha de Laubenfels, 1954
Halichondria agglomerans Cabioch, 1968
Halichondria aldabrensis Lévi, 1961
Halichondria almae (Carballo, Uriz & García-Gómez, 1996)
Halichondria arenacea Dendy, 1895
Halichondria arenosa Hentschel, 1929
Halichondria axinelloides Swartschewsky, 1906
Halichondria bowerbanki Burton, 1930
Halichondria brondstedi De Laubenfels, 1936
Halichondria brunnea (Schmidt, 1868)
Halichondria cancellosa (Carter, 1886)
Halichondria capensis Samaai & Gibbons, 2005
Halichondria carotenoidea Alvarez & Hooper, 2011
Halichondria cartilaginea (Esper, 1794)
Halichondria cebimarensis Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001
Halichondria coerulea Bergquist, 1967
Halichondria colossea Lundbeck, 1902
Halichondria contorta (Sarà, 1961)
Halichondria convolvens Sarà, 1960
Halichondria cornuloides Burton, 1954
Halichondria cristata Sarà, 1978
Halichondria cylindrata Tanita & Hoshino, 1989
Halichondria darwinensis Hooper, Cook, Hobbs & Kennedy, 1997
Halichondria diazae Van Soest & Hooper, 2020
Halichondria diversispiculata Burton, 1930
Halichondria dubia (Czerniavsky, 1880)
Halichondria elenae Gastaldi, De Paula, Narvarte, Lôbo-Hajdu & Hajdu, 2018
Halichondria fallax (Marshall, 1892)
Halichondria flexuosa (Sarà, 1978)
Halichondria foetida (Wilson, 1894)
Halichondria foraminosa (Czerniavsky, 1880)
Halichondria fragilis Kieschnick, 1896
Halichondria gageoenesis Kang & Sim, 2008
Halichondria genitrix (Schmidt, 1870)
Halichondria gilvus Samaai & Gibbons, 2005
Halichondria glabrata Keller, 1891
Halichondria heterorrhaphis Breitfuss, 1912
Halichondria intermedia Brøndsted, 1924
Halichondria isthmica (Keller, 1883)
Halichondria japonica (Kadota, 1922)
Halichondria knowltoni Bergquist, 1961
Halichondria labiata Hentschel, 1929
Halichondria lambei Brøndsted, 1933
Halichondria lendenfeldi Lévi, 1961
Halichondria leuconoides Topsent, 1890
Halichondria longispicula (Czerniavsky, 1880)
Halichondria lutea Alcolado, 1984
Halichondria magniconulosa Hechtel, 1965
Halichondria marianae Santos, Nascimento & Pinheiro, 2018
Halichondria melanadocia Laubenfels, 1936
Halichondria membranacea (Sarà, 1978)
Halichondria microbiana Alvarez & Hooper, 1911
Halichondria migottea Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001
Halichondria minuta Keller, 1891
Halichondria modesta (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986)
Halichondria moorei Bergquist, 1961
Halichondria muanensis Kang & Sim, 2008
Halichondria nigrocutis (Carter, 1886)
Halichondria normani Burton, 1930
Halichondria oblonga (Hansen, 1885)
Halichondria okadai (Kadota, 1922)
Halichondria osculum Lundbeck, 1902
Halichondria oshoro Tanita, 1961
Halichondria oxiparva (Sarà, 1978)
Halichondria panicea (Pallas, 1766)
Halichondria papillaris (Pallas, 1766)
Halichondria pelliculata Ridley & Dendy, 1886
Halichondria phakellioides Dendy & Frederick, 1924
Halichondria poa (de Laubenfels, 1947)
Halichondria pontica (Czerniavsky, 1880)
Halichondria prostrata Thiele, 1905
Halichondria punctata Bergquist, 1970
Halichondria renieroides (Fristedt, 1887)
Halichondria semitubulosa (Lamarck, 1814)
Halichondria solidior (Schmidt, 1870)
Halichondria stylata Diaz, Pomponi & Van Soest, 1993
Halichondria suberosa (Esper, 1794)
Halichondria sulfurea Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001
Halichondria surrubicunda Hoshino, 1981
Halichondria syringea Pulitzer-Finali, 1996
Halichondria tenebrica Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001
Halichondria tenuiramosa Dendy, 1922
Halichondria tenuispiculata Brøndsted, 1916
Halichondria turritella (Schmidt, 1870)
Halichondria velamentosa (Hansen, 1885)
Subgenus unassigned
Halichondria albescens sensu Johnston, 1842
Halichondria flava (Merejkowski, 1878)
Halichondria hongdoenesis Kang & Sim, 2008
Halichondria kelleri Van Soest & Hooper, 2020
Halichondria lona Laubenfels, 1936
Halichondria magellanica Dendy, 1924
Halichondria ulleungensis Kang & Sim, 2008




References

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Halichondria (Eumastia) sitiens
• Halichondria (Eumastia) attenuata
• Halichondria (Eumastia) schmidti
• Halichondria (Halichondria) fallax
• Halichondria (Halichondria) suberosa
• Halichondria (Halichondria) cornuloides
• Halichondria (Halichondria) minuta
• Halichondria (Halichondria) bowerbanki
• Halichondria (Halichondria) lambei
• Halichondria (Halichondria) agglomerans
• Halichondria
• Halichondria panicea
• Halichondria sitiens
• Halichondria arenosa
• Halichondria maraensis
• Halichondria adelpha
• Halichondria bowerbanki
• Halichondria papillaris
• Halichondria arenacea
• Halichondria attenuata