• Source: Haplogroup W

Haplogroup W is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.




Origin


Haplogroup W is believed to have originated around 23,900 years ago in Western Asia. It is descended from the haplogroup N2.




Distribution



Haplogroup W is found in Europe, Western Asia, and South Asia. It is widely distributed at low frequencies, with a high concentration in Northern Pakistan. Haplogroup W is also found in the Maghreb among Algerians (1.08%-3.23%) and in Siberia among Yakuts (6/423 = 1.42%).
Additionally, the clade has been observed among ancient Egyptian mummies excavated at the Abusir el-Meleq archaeological site in Middle Egypt, which date from the Ptolemaic Kingdom.
The W5 subclade has been found in a fossil associated with the Starčevo culture (Lánycsók site; 1/1 or 100%).
Ancient DNA analysis found that the medieval individual Sungir 6 (730-850 cal BP) belonged to the W3a1 subclade.




Subclades






= Tree

=

This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup W subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation and subsequent published research.

W
W1 – Italy, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovenia, Finland, Spain, Qashqai people of Iran
W1a – Finns
W1b
W1b1 – Finns
W1-T119C
W1c – Poland, Persians from Iran
W1c1
W1d - Iraqi Jews
W1e
W1e1
W1e1a
W1f – Italy
W1g – England, Belgium, Portugal, Gitanos (Roma people of Spain)
W1h – Nordic countries, England, Croatia, Ashkenazi Jews
W1h1 – Italians
W-C194T
W3 - Turkey, Azerbaijan, India (Jammu and Kashmir, Tamil Nadu)
W3a
W3a1 – Armenians, Turkey (Turkish, Kurd), France (Toulouse, Sarthe), Italy (Tuscany, Sardinia, Sicily, Umbria, Campania, Trentino-Alto Adige), Hungary, Poland, Ukraine, Belarus, Russia (Sunghir6 from 750 - 900 ybp Vladimir Oblast, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Omsk Oblast, Ingushetia, Volga Tatar, Chechens), Denmark, Berbers from Morocco, Pakistan (Pashtun, Kho), India, Singapore, United States
W3a1a
W3a1a1 – Polish people, Ashkenazi Jews
W3a1a2 - Russia (Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Tatar from Buinsk)
W3a1a3 - Poland (Podkarpackie), United States
W3a1a+T9090C - Pakistan (Kho)
W3a1a+A15325G - Italy (Napoli)
W3a1b – Pakistan (Pashtuns, Sindhi, Azad Kashmir), India (New Delhi, Andhra Pradesh), Bangladesh (Bengali), Thailand (Mon, Thai), China (Shanghai), United States (Hispanic)
W3a1-T199C
W3a1c - England, United States, Slovakia, Russia (Ryazan Oblast, Tambov Oblast, Bashkortostan), Kazakhstan, China (Daur)
W3a1d – Hungarians, Serbia, Republika Srpska, Latvia, Poland, Ukraine, Russia (Ulyanovsk Oblast, Yakuts), New Zealand
W3a2 – France (Seine-Maritime), Poland, India, Uygurs from China
W3b – Italy (Calabria), Albania, Serbia, Romania (Bucharest), Bulgarians, Turkey, Iraq (Assyrian), Iran, Armenians, Kurds, Tajiks (especially Wakhis and other Pamiris), Pakistan (Burusho, Kho, Makrani), Cambodia, Uyghurs
W3b1 – Austrians, Ashkenazi Jews
W4 - Denmark, Poland, Italy (Sardinia, Umbria), Pakistan (Sindhis), India (Jammu and Kashmir), Mongolia, United Kingdom (ancient Orkney)
W4a - England (St Mary Spital, pre-Black Death medieval London, ca. 725 years before present), Ukraine (Russian speaker from Kharkiv Oblast), India, China (Xinjiang ca. 1412 - 1529 years before present)
W4a1 – Finns, Sweden (Dalarna County), Poland (Mazowieckie), Turkey, England, United States
W4b - Italy, Mongolia
W4c - Italy, Poland, India
W4d - Albania, Turkey (Kurds), Iraq (Baghdad), Iran (Lorestan), Pakistan (Kho)
W5 - Denmark, Poland, Serbia, Algeria (Batna), Morocco (Berber), Iran (Persian), United States
W5a - Germany, Denmark
W5a1
W5a1a – Flemish people, Norway (Rogaland), Denmark, Italy (Tuscany), Canary Islands, Brazil, Irish people, Polish people, Russia (Belgorod Oblast), Canada, United States
W5a1a1 - England, Estonia, Russia (Adyghe in Kabardino-Balkaria)
W5a1a1a
W5a2 - United Kingdom, Denmark, Germany (North Rhine-Westphalia), Poland
W5a2b
W5b - Portugal (Azores, Leiria)
W5b1 - Denmark
W5b1a
W6 – Sindhis, Han Chinese from Xi’an city, Italy, Kuwait, Persians from Iran, Russia (North Ossetia, Belgorod Oblast), Kazakhstan, Mongolia
W6a
W6b
W6b1 – Iran, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia
W6c – Greece, England, Ireland, Ingushetia
W6c1 – Armenians from Turkey
W6c1a – Armenians from Turkey, Kurds, Greece
W7 – Armenians
W8 – Bedouin of Israel, Yemen, Iran
W9
W9a – Armenians from Turkey, Kurds from Turkey




Famous members


Biologist Rudolf Raff was a member of haplogroup W.
Journalist and investor Laurel Touby is a member of haplogroup W3a.
Businesswoman and television host Martha Stewart belongs to haplogroup W6.




See also



Genealogical DNA test
Genetic genealogy
Human mitochondrial genetics
Population genetics




References






External links


General
Mannis van Oven's Phylotree
The India Genealogical DNA Project
Haplogroup W
Spread of Haplogroup W, from National Geographic
mtDNA Haplogroup W Project
YFull MTree's Haplogroup W
MITOMAP's Haplogroup W
FamilyTreeDNA's mtDNA Haplotree: Haplogroup W

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Ba 'Alwi
• Peradaban Lembah Indus
• DNA mitokondria
• Sejarah genetik penduduk asli Amerika
• Fenomena Seyma-Turbino
• Hallatu
• Rumpun suku bangsa Austronesia
• Evolusi manusia
• Teori bencana Toba
• Siprus
• Haplogroup W
• Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup
• Haplogroup
• Haplogroup N (mtDNA)
• Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
• Haplogroup M (mtDNA)
• Haplogroup H (mtDNA)
• Haplogroup IJK
• Haplogroup R (Y-DNA)
• Haplogroup U