• Source: Harrier (bird)

A harrier is a member of the genus Circus in the a bird of prey family Accipitridae. Harriers characteristically hunt by flying low over open ground, feeding on small mammals, reptiles, or birds. The young of the species are sometimes referred to as ring-tail harriers. They are distinctive with long wings, a long narrow tail, the slow and low flight over grasslands and skull peculiarities. The harriers are thought to have diversified with the expansion of grasslands and the emergence of C4 grasses about 6 to 8 million years ago during the Late Miocene and Pliocene.




Taxonomy



The genus Circus was introduced by the French naturalist Bernard Germain de Lacépède in 1799. The type species was subsequently designated as the western marsh harrier. Most harriers are placed in this genus. The word Circus is derived from the Ancient Greek kirkos, referring to a bird of prey named for its circling flight (kirkos, "circle"), probably the hen harrier. The name harrier is thought to have been derived either from Harrier (dog), or by a corruption of harrower, or directly from harry.
The genera Circus has in the past been placed in the subfamily Circinae but molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that such a grouping is polyphyletic for Accipitrinae. The harrier-hawks in the genus Polyboroides are not closely related and are placed in their own subfamily Polyboroidinae




= Ring-tails

=
Ring-tail is an informal term used by birders for the juveniles and females of several harrier species when seen in the field and not identifiable to an exact species. Ring-tail harriers include the juveniles and females of Montagu's harrier (Circus pygargus), hen harrier (Circus cyaneus), and pallid harrier (Circus macrourus).




Species


The genus contains 16 species:




= Fossils

=
† Eyles's harrier, Circus eylesi (prehistoric)
† Wood harrier, Circus dossenus (prehistoric)




References






External links



Harrier videos on the Internet Bird Collection
Harrier videos on the Internet Bird Collection
Newton, Alfred (1911). "Harrier" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). p. 17.

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