• Source: Hipparionini

Hipparionini is a tribe of three-toed horses in the subfamily Equinae. They had body forms similar to modern equines, with high-crowned teeth. They first appeared in North America during the Early Miocene around 17 million years ago, before migrating into the Old World around 11.4-11.0 million years ago. The youngest species date to the Early Pleistocene, becoming extinct following the arrives of modern equines of the genus Equus to the Old World.




Description


Hipparionines varied widely in size, with the smallest species like Hipparion periafricanum having a body mass of only 23 kilograms (51 lb), considerably smaller than living equines, while the largest species had body masses over 300 kilograms (660 lb).




Ecology


In the Old World hipparionines were initially browsers and mixed feeders (both browsing and grazing), over time there was increasing proportion of pure grazers, though the groups ecology remained diverse, with mixed feeding being the dominant ecology during the Pliocene.




Taxonomy


North American genera:

"Hipparion" (distinct from Old World species assigned to this genus)
Neohipparion
Pseudhipparion
Nannippus
Cormohipparion
Old World genera: (widely thought to descend from Cormohipparion)

Hipparion sensu stricto
Hippotherium
Cremohipparion
Sivalhippus
Eurygnathohippus
Plesiohipparion
Proboscidipparion
Shanxihippus




References

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Equidae
• Hipparionini
• Equinae
• Equidae
• Equus (genus)
• Cormohipparion
• Hipparion
• Evolution of the horse
• Enhydriodon
• McKay Formation
• Punchbowl Formation